University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 2901 Baxter Rd., Ann Arbor,MI 48109, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2013;14 Suppl:S13-22. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2013.796043.
Our recent rear seat safety research found that more-forward and higher lap belt anchorage locations and much shorter and stiffer seat cushions can improve the protection of older children from 6 to 12 years old who are using the vehicle belt without a booster. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the optimal rear seat restraint systems for adults and infants are consistent with those for older children.
We conducted sensitivity analyses and design optimizations for adults and for infants in a rear-facing child restraint system (CRS) using a set of MADYMO models, an automated simulation framework, and occupant belt-fit and posture prediction models from our previous studies. A series of 12 sled tests was also used to validate the computational models.
The optimal belt anchorage locations and the seat cushion length for older children, adults, and rear-facing CRS-seated infants conflict with each other. In particular, more-forward lap belt anchorage locations that prevent submarining for older children would reduce the protection to both adults and CRS-seated infants, although the protection is still acceptable based on regulated injury criteria. A shorter seat cushion could provide optimal protection to older children and adults but would significantly increase the CRS rotation.
The findings of this study suggested that adaptive/adjustable restraint systems are necessary to simultaneously improve the rear seat occupant protection for all age groups. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.
我们最近的后排座椅安全研究发现，更靠前和更高的安全带锚固位置，以及更短和更硬的座椅垫，可以改善 6 至 12 岁儿童在不使用增高垫的情况下使用车辆安全带的保护。本研究的目的是研究成人和婴儿的最佳后排约束系统是否与大龄儿童的一致。
我们使用一组 MADYMO 模型、一个自动化模拟框架以及我们之前研究中的乘员安全带贴合和姿势预测模型，对成人和婴儿反向乘坐的儿童约束系统（CRS）进行了敏感性分析和设计优化。还进行了一系列 12 次碰撞测试，以验证计算模型。
大龄儿童、成人和反向 CRS 座椅婴儿的最佳安全带锚固位置和座椅垫长度相互冲突。特别是，更靠前的安全带锚固位置可以防止大龄儿童的潜水，但会降低对成人和 CRS 座椅婴儿的保护，尽管根据规定的损伤标准，保护仍然可以接受。较短的座椅垫可以为大龄儿童和成人提供最佳保护，但会显著增加 CRS 的旋转。
本研究结果表明，需要自适应/可调约束系统来同时改善所有年龄段的后排座椅乘员保护。本文提供了补充材料。访问交通伤害预防出版商的在线版本以查看补充文件。
