a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute , Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15(8):866-74. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.890720.
A series of sled tests was performed using vehicle seats and Hybrid-III 6-year-old (6YO) and 10YO anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) to explore possibilities for improving occupant protection for children who are not using belt-positioning booster seats.
Cushion length was varied from production length of 450 mm to a shorter length of 350 mm. Lap belt geometry was set to rear, mid, and forward anchorage locations that span the range of lap belt angles found in vehicles. Six tests each were performed with the 6YO and 10YO Hybrid III ATDs. One additional test was performed using a booster seat with the 6YO. The ATDs were positioned using an updated version of the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) seating procedure that positions the ATD hips further forward with longer seat cushions to reflect the effect of cushion length on posture that has been measured with child volunteers. ATD kinematics were evaluated using peak head excursion, peak knee excursion, the difference between peak head and peak knee excursion, and the maximum torso angle.
Shortening the seat cushion improved kinematic outcomes, particularly for the 10YO. Lap belt geometry had a greater effect on kinematics with the longer cushion length, with mid or forward belt geometries producing better kinematics than the rearward belt geometry. The worst kinematics for both ATDs occurred with the long cushion length and rearward lap belt geometry. The improvements in kinematics from shorter cushion length or more forward belt geometry are smaller than those provided by a booster seat.
The results show potential benefits in occupant protection from shortening cushion length and increasing lap belt angles, particularly for children the size of the 10YO ATD.
使用车辆座椅和 Hybrid-III 6 岁（6YO）和 10 岁儿童假人测试设备（ATD）进行了一系列滑橇试验，以探索改善未使用安全带定位增高座椅的儿童乘员保护的可能性。
从 450mm 的生产长度缩短至 350mm 的较短长度，改变了坐垫长度。安全带几何形状设置为后、中、前锚固位置，涵盖了车辆中发现的安全带角度范围。每个试验使用 6 岁和 10 岁 Hybrid III ATD 进行 6 次。使用带有 6 岁 ATD 的增高座椅进行了另外一次测试。使用密歇根大学交通研究所（UMTRI）座椅程序的更新版本定位 ATD，该程序通过使用更长的座椅垫使 ATD 臀部更靠前，以反映已用儿童志愿者测量的坐垫长度对姿势的影响。使用头部最大偏移量、膝盖最大偏移量、头部最大偏移量和膝盖最大偏移量之间的差值以及最大躯干角度评估 ATD 运动学。
缩短座椅坐垫可改善运动学结果，特别是对于 10 岁 ATD。在较长的坐垫长度下，安全带几何形状对运动学的影响更大，中或前向安全带几何形状比后向安全带几何形状产生更好的运动学效果。对于两个 ATD，最长坐垫长度和后向安全带几何形状的运动学效果最差。较短坐垫长度或更前向的安全带几何形状带来的运动学改善比增高座椅小。
结果表明，缩短坐垫长度和增加安全带角度有可能改善乘员保护，特别是对于 10 岁 ATD 大小的儿童。
