Jarić Snežana, Mačukanović-Jocić Marina, Mitrović Miroslava, Pavlović Pavle
Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Environ Entomol. 2013 Aug;42(4):724-32. doi: 10.1603/EN13031.
The apiflora of 34 forest and meadow plant communities in Tara National Park was studied with the aim of assessing their melliferous potential and their contribution to bee pasture during the vegetation period. The melliferous plants were analyzed individually from the aspect of their flowering phenology, abundance, and the intensity of nectar and pollen production, as well as the production of honeydew. The melliferous potential of each investigated plant community was theoretically assessed on the basis of the coenotic coefficient of melliferousness incorporating a phytocoenotic analysis, the coenotic coefficients of nectar and pollen production, and the percentage of melliferous species in relation to the total number of species that characterize the association. The highest percentage of the melliferous species was noted in the meadow association Petasitetum hybridi (70%) and the forest association Piceetum-Abietis serpentinicum (63.6%). The highest values of the coenotic coefficient of melliferousness were established for the forest association Querco-Carpinetum iliricum, and the meadow association Rhinantho-Cynosuretum cristati. Trees notable for their honeydew production in good quantities were Pinus nigra Arnold, Picea sp. Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus, Populus tremula Linnaeus, and Quercus cerris Linnaeus. Because, the vegetation in the study area is forest dominated, forest bee pasture including early flowering herbaceous and woody plants, is of the greatest significance for the honey bee, both in the early spring because of pollen and nectar production, and in the autumn as a source of honeydew.
对塔拉国家公园34个森林和草地植物群落的蜜源植物进行了研究，目的是评估它们在植被期的蜜源潜力及其对蜜蜂牧场的贡献。从开花物候、丰度、花蜜和花粉产量强度以及蜜露产量等方面对蜜源植物进行了单独分析。根据蜜源共栖系数，结合植物群落分析、花蜜和花粉产量共栖系数以及蜜源物种占表征该群落物种总数的百分比，从理论上评估了每个被调查植物群落的蜜源潜力。蜜源物种比例最高的是草地群落杂交蜂斗菜群落（70%）和森林群落云杉-蛇纹冷杉群落（63.6%）。蜜源共栖系数最高的值出现在森林群落伊利里亚栎-鹅耳枥群落和草地群落柳穿鱼-狗尾草群落。大量分泌蜜露的树木有黑松阿诺德、云杉属、欧洲水青冈林奈、欧洲山杨林奈和栓皮栎林奈。由于研究区域以森林植被为主，包括早花草本植物和木本植物的森林蜜蜂牧场对蜜蜂具有最重要的意义，无论是在早春因花粉和花蜜的产生，还是在秋季作为蜜露的来源。
