Injury Biomechanics Research Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2013;14 Suppl:S136-47. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2013.799280.
The objectives of this study are to propose a new instrumentation technique for measuring cervical spine kinematics, validate it, and apply the instrumentation technique to postmortem human subjects (PMHS) in rear impact sled tests so that cervical motions can be investigated.
First, a new instrumentation and dissection technique is proposed in which instrumentation (3 accelerometers, 3 angular rate sensors) capable of measuring the detailed intervertebral kinematics are installed on the anterior aspects of each vertebral body with minimal muscular damage. The instrumentation was validated by conducting 10 km/h rear impact tests with 2 PMHS in a rigid rolling chair. After this validation, a total of 14 sled tests using 8 male PMHS (175 ± 6.9 cm stature and 78.4 ± 7.7 kg weight) were conducted in 2 moderate-speed rear impacts (8.5 g, 17 km/h; 10.5 g, 24 km/h). A current rear impact dummy, BioRID II, was also tested under the same condition with an angular rate sensor installed on each of the cervical vertebrae so that rotations of the cervical spine of the BioRID II could be compared to those measured from the PMHS. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) biofidelity ranking system was used for quantitative analysis of the BioRID II cervical spine biofidelity.
Results show that the BioRID II exhibited comparable rotations to the PMHS in the 17 km/h test, but the vertebrae in the lower cervical spine (C5-C7) of the BioRID II showed less rearward rotation than the PMHS. For the 24 km/h test, the vertebrae in the cervical spine of the BioRID II exhibited less rearward rotation than the PMHS at all levels (C2-C7). The average biofidelity score for C2 through C7 was 1.02 for the 17 km/h test, and 2.27 for the 24 km/h test.
These results reflect the fact that the fully articulated spine of the BioRID II was designed and tuned to model low speed rear impacts. The intervertebral rotations for both the PMHS and the BioRID II were primarily relative flexion rotations even though the cervical vertebrae rotated rearward with respect to the global coordinate system.
本研究旨在提出一种新的颈椎运动学测量仪器技术，对其进行验证，并将该仪器技术应用于后路冲击 sled 试验中的尸体（PMHS），以研究颈椎运动。
首先，提出了一种新的仪器和解剖技术，该技术将能够测量详细椎间运动的仪器（3 个加速度计，3 个角速度传感器）安装在前椎体的前侧，对肌肉的损伤最小。通过对 2 个刚性滚动椅中 10 km/h 后碰撞试验的验证，进行了总共 14 个 sled 试验，使用 8 个男性 PMHS（身高 175±6.9cm，体重 78.4±7.7kg），在后碰撞（8.5g，17km/h；10.5g，24km/h）中进行了 2 次中度速度的后碰撞。还使用安装在每个颈椎上的角速度传感器，对当前的后路冲击假人 BioRID II 进行了相同条件下的测试，以比较 BioRID II 颈椎的旋转与从 PMHS 测量到的旋转。使用国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）生物逼真度排名系统对 BioRID II 颈椎生物逼真度进行定量分析。
结果表明，在 17km/h 测试中，BioRID II 表现出与 PMHS 相当的旋转，但 BioRID II 下颈椎（C5-C7）的椎体向后旋转小于 PMHS。对于 24km/h 测试，BioRID II 颈椎的所有椎体（C2-C7）向后旋转均小于 PMHS。对于 17km/h 测试，C2 至 C7 的平均生物逼真度评分为 1.02，对于 24km/h 测试，评分为 2.27。
这些结果反映了一个事实，即完全关节化的 BioRID II 脊柱是为模拟低速后碰撞而设计和调整的。尽管颈椎相对于全局坐标系向后旋转，但 PMHS 和 BioRID II 的椎间旋转主要是相对屈曲旋转。
