White Samuel D, Salmon James L, Prasad Priya, Burnett Roger A, Kim Agnes, Buckman Jennifer
Collision Research and Analysis, El Segundo, California.
Fusion Engineering, Naperville, Illinois.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2023;24(3):208-212. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2179370.
This study presents a comparison of the Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) 50M and Hybrid III (HIII) 50M anthropomorphic test device (ATD) geometries and rear impact head and neck biofidelity to each other and to postmortem human surrogate (PMHS) data to evaluate the usefulness of the THOR in rear impact testing.
Both ATDs were scanned in a seated position on a rigid bench seat. A series of rear impact sled tests with the rigid bench seat with no head restraint support were conducted with a HIII-50M at 16 and 24 kph. Tests at each speed were performed twice with the THOR-50M to allow an assessment of the repeatability of the THOR-50M. A comparison of the test results from THOR-50M testing were made to the results of a previous study that included PMHS. Rear impact sled tests with both ATDs in a modern seat were then conducted at 40 kph.
The THOR-50M head was 48.4 mm rearward and 60.1 mm higher than the HIII-50M head when seated in the rigid bench seat. In the repeated rigid bench testing at 16 and 24 kph, the THOR-50M head longitudinal and vertical accelerations, upper neck moment, and overall kinematics showed good test-to-test repeatability. In the rigid bench tests, the THOR-50M neck experienced flexion prior to extension in the 16 kph tests, where the neck of the HIII only experienced extension. At 24 kph both ATDs only experienced extension. The THOR-50M head displaced more rearward at both test velocities. The rigid bench tests show that the THOR-50M neck allows for more extension motion or articulation than the HIII-50M neck. The rigid bench test also shows that the head longitudinal and vertical accelerations, angular head kinematics, and upper neck moments were reasonably comparable between the ATDs. The THOR-50M results were closer to the average of the PMHS results than the HIII-50-M results, with the exception of the upper neck. In the 40 kph tests, with a modern seat design, the THOR-50M resulted in more deformation of the seatback with greater head restraint loading than the HIII-50M. The THOR-50M head backset distance was less.
This study provides insight into the differences and similarities between the THOR and the HIII-50M ATD geometries, instrumentation responses, and kinematics, as well as the repeatability of the THOR-50M in rear impacts testing. The overall geometries of the THOR-50M and the HIII-50M are similar. The seated head position of the THOR-50M is slightly further rearward and higher than the HIII-50M. The results indicate that the THOR-50M matches the PMHS results more closely than the HIII-50M and may have improved neck biofidelity in rear impact testing. The results indicate that the studied THOR-50M responses are repeatable within expected test-to-test variations in rear impacts. Early data suggest that the THOR-50M can be used in rear impact testing, though a more complete understanding of the THOR-50M differences to the HIII ATDs will allow for better correlation to the existing body of HIII rear impact testing.
本研究对人体乘员约束测试装置（THOR）50M和混合III型（HIII）50M拟人测试装置（ATD）的几何形状以及后碰撞时头部和颈部的生物逼真度进行了相互比较，并与死后人体 surrogate（PMHS）数据进行比较，以评估THOR在后部碰撞测试中的实用性。
两个ATD均在刚性长椅座椅上处于坐姿时进行扫描。使用HIII - 50M在16公里/小时和24公里/小时的速度下，在没有头枕支撑的刚性长椅座椅上进行了一系列后碰撞雪橇测试。使用THOR - 50M在每个速度下进行两次测试，以评估THOR - 50M的可重复性。将THOR - 50M测试的结果与先前一项包含PMHS的研究结果进行了比较。然后在40公里/小时的速度下，对两个ATD在现代座椅中进行后碰撞雪橇测试。
当坐在刚性长椅座椅上时，THOR - 50M的头部比HIII - 50M的头部向后48.4毫米且高60.1毫米。在16公里/小时和24公里/小时的重复刚性长椅测试中，THOR - 50M头部的纵向和垂直加速度、上颈部力矩以及整体运动学显示出良好的测试间重复性。在刚性长椅测试中，在16公里/小时的测试中，THOR - 50M的颈部在伸展之前先经历了屈曲，而HIII的颈部仅经历了伸展。在24公里/小时时，两个ATD都只经历了伸展。在两个测试速度下，THOR - 50M的头部向后位移更大。刚性长椅测试表明，THOR - 50M的颈部比HIII - 50M的颈部允许更多伸展运动或关节活动。刚性长椅测试还表明，两个ATD之间的头部纵向和垂直加速度、头部角运动学以及上颈部力矩在合理范围内具有可比性。除了上颈部外，THOR - 50M的结果比HIII - 50 - M的结果更接近PMHS结果的平均值。在40公里/小时的测试中，采用现代座椅设计时，THOR - 50M导致座椅靠背的变形更大，头枕负载也比HIII - 50M更大。THOR - 50M的头部后移距离更小。
本研究深入了解了THOR和HIII - 50M ATD的几何形状、仪器响应和运动学之间的差异和相似性，以及THOR - 50M在后碰撞测试中的可重复性。THOR - 50M和HIII - 50M的整体几何形状相似。THOR - 50M的坐姿头部位置比HIII - 50M稍靠后且更高。结果表明，THOR - 50M比HIII - 50M更接近PMHS结果，并且在后碰撞测试中可能具有更好的颈部生物逼真度。结果表明，所研究的THOR - 50M响应在后部碰撞测试中预期的测试间变化范围内是可重复的。早期数据表明，THOR - 50M可用于后部碰撞测试，不过对THOR - 50M与HIII ATD之间差异的更全面理解将有助于更好地与现有的HIII后部碰撞测试体系进行关联。
