Ana G R E E, Odeshi T A, Sridhar M K C, Ige M O
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Perspect Public Health. 2014 May;134(3):169-75. doi: 10.1177/1757913913494152. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
Ambient air pollution remains a major public health hazard in urban communities. In Nigeria, air quality management especially in the urban centres, is fraught with enormous challenges including limited data. We assessed the outdoor respirable particulate matter (PM10) concentration and the pulmonary function status of residents in four selected communities in Ibadan.
A cross-sectional study design was employed. Four locations - Ojoo Park (OP = high traffic area), Bodija Market (BM = commercial area), Oluyole Estate (OE = industrial area) and the University of Ibadan (UI = academic community - reference) - were selected based on varying intensities of urban activity. PM10 levels were recorded in the morning and afternoon for 12 weeks between January and March 2008. Lung function status (FEV1) of 140 randomly selected participants was measured. Daily mean of PM10 levels were compared with WHO guideline limits. Data analysis was done using descriptive, χ(2), ANOVA and Spearman-rank correlation tests at 5% level of significance.
For all sites, PM10 concentration was generally higher in the afternoon. The highest daily mean PM10 concentration was recorded at BM, followed by OP, OE and UI. These values when compared with WHO guideline limits showed: BM eightfold > OP sevenfold > OE sixfold > UI fivefold (p < .05). Weekly mean PM10 levels and mean FEV1(obs) gave the following order: UI > OE > OP > BM. There was a significant negative correlation between PM10 burden and FEV1(obs) across the study locations (r =-0.371, p < .05).
Most of the locations with higher particulate burden were observed to have declining lung function status. A longitudinal study to establish more robust associations is advocated.
在城市社区中，室外空气污染仍然是一个主要的公共卫生危害。在尼日利亚，尤其是在城市中心，空气质量管理面临着巨大挑战，包括数据有限。我们评估了伊巴丹四个选定社区居民的室外可吸入颗粒物（PM10）浓度和肺功能状况。
采用横断面研究设计。根据不同的城市活动强度，选择了四个地点——奥乔公园（OP = 交通繁忙地区）、博迪贾市场（BM = 商业区）、奥卢约勒庄园（OE = 工业区）和伊巴丹大学（UI = 学术社区——参照区）。在2008年1月至3月期间，连续12周记录上午和下午的PM10水平。对140名随机选择的参与者的肺功能状况（第一秒用力呼气容积，FEV1）进行测量。将PM10水平的日均值与世界卫生组织的指导限值进行比较。数据分析采用描述性统计、χ²检验、方差分析和Spearman秩相关检验，显著性水平为5%。
在所有地点，PM10浓度通常在下午较高。日均值PM10浓度最高的是BM，其次是OP、OE和UI。与世界卫生组织指导限值相比，这些数值显示：BM高出八倍 > OP高出七倍 > OE高出六倍 > UI高出五倍（p < 0.05）。PM10的周均值和FEV1（实测值）的顺序如下：UI > OE > OP > BM。在所有研究地点，PM10负荷与FEV1（实测值）之间存在显著的负相关（r = -0.371，p < 0.05）。
观察到大多数颗粒物负荷较高的地点，其肺功能状况在下降。提倡进行纵向研究以建立更有力的关联。
