Department of Agri-Food Science and Technology, Food Science University Campus, University of Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy.
J Sci Food Agric. 2013 Nov;93(14):3490-501. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6326. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
In recent years there has been a considerable interest in the consumption of ancient wheats, often referred to as having superior health-promoting properties than modern cultivars. The BaSeFood project allowed us to explore the use of primitive wheats in the Black Sea area region and in Italy, with special regard to emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and einkorn (T. monococcum), and to collect seed samples to be grown and compared for their bioactive content, together with some other primitive wheat genotypes (T. timopheevi, T. palaeo-colchicum, T. macha).
The data show that genotype was an important factor controlling phytochemical content. Variability ranges were as follows: lipids (18.0-28.5 g kg(-1)), tocols (26.6-72.8 mg kg(-1)), carotenoids (1.6-8.4 mg kg(-1)), sterols (441-929 mg kg(-1)) and phenolic compounds (819-1465 mg kg(-1)) content (dry matter basis). The fraction of individual components, within each class, was also variable; however, the species were well discriminated by their overall composition.
The present research represents a further contribution to the available literature about the analytical composition of primitive wheats, including the complete range of relevant bioactives and lesser investigated species. The data do not support an overall superiority of primitive forms, but evidenced interesting, potentially exploitable, between- and within-species variability.
近年来，人们对古代小麦的消费产生了浓厚的兴趣，这些小麦通常被认为具有比现代品种更优越的促进健康的特性。BaSeFood 项目使我们能够探索在黑海地区和意大利使用原始小麦，特别是关注硬粒小麦（Triticum dicoccum）和单粒小麦（T. monococcum），并收集种子样本进行种植和比较其生物活性成分，以及一些其他原始小麦基因型（T. timopheevi、T. palaeo-colchicum、T. macha）。
数据表明，基因型是控制植物化学物质含量的重要因素。变异范围如下：脂质（18.0-28.5 g kg(-1)）、生育酚（26.6-72.8 mg kg(-1)）、类胡萝卜素（1.6-8.4 mg kg(-1)）、固醇（441-929 mg kg(-1))和酚类化合物（819-1465 mg kg(-1))含量（干物质基础）。每个类别内的个体成分的比例也有所不同；然而，这些物种可以通过它们的整体组成得到很好的区分。
本研究是对原始小麦分析成分的现有文献的进一步贡献，包括了所有相关生物活性物质和研究较少的物种的完整范围。数据不支持原始形态的总体优越性，但证明了在种间和种内存在有趣的、潜在可利用的变异性。
