Lindeman Cynthia J, Portis Ellen, Johansen Lacie, Mullins Lisa M, Stoltman Gillian A
1Cynthia J. Lindeman, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2013 Sep;25(5):581-91. doi: 10.1177/1040638713498085. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
Approximately 8,000 isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, isolated by 25 veterinary laboratories across North America between 2002 and 2010, were tested for in vitro susceptibility to beta-lactam, macrolide, and lincosamide drugs. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the beta-lactam drugs remained low against most of the Gram-positive strains tested, and no substantial changes in the MIC distributions were seen over time. Of the beta-lactam antimicrobial agents tested, only ceftiofur showed good in vitro activity against E. coli. The MICs of the macrolides and lincosamides also remained low against Gram-positive mastitis pathogens. While the MIC values given by 50% of isolates (MIC50) for erythromycin and pirlimycin and the streptococci were all low (≤0.5 µg/ml), the MIC values given by 90% of isolates (MIC90) were higher and more variable, but with no apparent increase over time. Staphylococcus aureus showed little change in erythromycin susceptibility over time, but there may be a small, numerical increase in pirlimycin MIC50 and MIC90 values. Overall, the results suggest that mastitis pathogens in the United States and Canada have not shown any substantial changes in the in vitro susceptibility to beta-lactam, macrolide, and lincosamide drugs tested over the 9 years of the study.
2002年至2010年间,北美25个兽医实验室分离出约8000株无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌,并对其进行了β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类和林可酰胺类药物的体外药敏试验。β-内酰胺类药物对大多数测试的革兰氏阳性菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)仍然较低,且随着时间的推移,MIC分布没有明显变化。在所测试的β-内酰胺类抗菌药物中,只有头孢噻呋对大肠杆菌表现出良好的体外活性。大环内酯类和林可酰胺类药物对革兰氏阳性乳腺炎病原体的MIC也仍然较低。虽然50%分离株(MIC50)对红霉素、吡利霉素和链球菌的MIC值均较低(≤0.5μg/ml),但90%分离株(MIC90)的MIC值较高且更具变异性,但未随时间出现明显升高。金黄色葡萄球菌对红霉素的敏感性随时间变化不大,但吡利霉素的MIC50和MIC90值可能有小幅的数值增加。总体而言,结果表明,在这项为期9年的研究中,美国和加拿大的乳腺炎病原体对所测试的β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类和林可酰胺类药物的体外敏感性没有出现任何实质性变化。