Psychobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Bogazici University , Istanbul , Turkey.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Jul 30;7:428. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00428. eCollection 2013.
Depression involves a dysfunction in an affective fronto-limbic circuitry including the prefrontal cortices, several limbic structures including the cingulate cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus as well as the basal ganglia. A major emphasis of research on the etiology and treatment of mood disorders has been to assess the impact of centrally generated (top-down) processes impacting the affective fronto-limbic circuitry. The present review shows that peripheral (bottom-up) unipolar stimulation via the visual and the auditory modalities as well as by physical exercise modulates mood and depressive symptoms in humans and animals and activates the same central affective neurocircuitry involved in depression. It is proposed that the amygdala serves as a gateway by articulating the mood regulatory sensorimotor stimulation with the central affective circuitry by emotionally labeling and mediating the storage of such emotional events in long-term memory. Since both amelioration and aggravation of mood is shown to be possible by unipolar stimulation, the review suggests that a psychophysical assessment of mood modulation by multimodal stimulation may uncover mood ameliorative synergisms and serve as adjunctive treatment for depression. Thus, the integrative review not only emphasizes the relevance of investigating the optimal levels of mood regulatory sensorimotor stimulation, but also provides a conceptual springboard for related future research.
抑郁症涉及情感额-边缘回路的功能障碍，包括前额皮质、几个边缘结构，如扣带回皮质、杏仁核和海马体以及基底神经节。情绪障碍的病因和治疗研究的一个主要重点是评估中枢产生（自上而下）的过程对情感额-边缘回路的影响。本综述表明，通过视觉和听觉模式以及体育锻炼进行的外周（自下而上）单极刺激调节人类和动物的情绪和抑郁症状，并激活与抑郁相关的相同中枢情感神经回路。有人提出，杏仁核作为一个网关，通过对情绪进行标记，并将这种情绪事件存储在长期记忆中，将情绪调节感觉运动刺激与中枢情感回路联系起来。由于单极刺激既可以改善也可以加重情绪，因此该综述表明，通过多模态刺激对情绪调节进行心理物理评估可能会发现情绪改善的协同作用，并作为抑郁症的辅助治疗。因此，综合综述不仅强调了研究情绪调节感觉运动刺激的最佳水平的相关性，而且为相关的未来研究提供了一个概念跳板。
