Hassmén P
Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;60(6):445-51. doi: 10.1007/BF00705035.
An interesting aspect, when comparing athletes, is the effect of specialized training upon both physiological performance and perceptual responses. To study this, four groups (with six individuals each) served as subjects. Two of these consisted of highly specialized individuals (racing cyclists and marathon runners) and the other two of non-specialized individuals (sedentary and all-round trained). Cycling on a cycle ergometer and running on a treadmill were chosen as modes of exercise. Variables measured included heart rate, blood lactate and perceived exertion, rated on two different scales. Results show a linear increase of both heart rate and perceived exertion (rated on the RPE scale) in all four groups, although at different absolute levels. Blood lactate accumulation, during cycling and running, differentiates very clearly between the groups. When heart rate and perceived exertion were plotted against each other, the difference at the same subjective rating (RPE 15) between cycling and running amounted to about 15-20 beats.min-1 in the non-specialized groups. The cyclists exhibited almost no difference at all as compared to 40 beats.min-1 for the runners. It can be concluded that specialized training changes both the physiological as well as the psychological response to exercise.
在比较运动员时，一个有趣的方面是专项训练对生理表现和感知反应的影响。为了研究这一点，四组（每组六人）作为受试者。其中两组由高度专业化的个体组成（自行车赛车手和马拉松运动员），另外两组由非专业化个体组成（久坐不动者和全面训练者）。选择在自行车测力计上骑行和在跑步机上跑步作为运动方式。测量的变量包括心率、血乳酸和主观用力程度，用两种不同的量表进行评分。结果显示，所有四组的心率和主观用力程度（用RPE量表评分）均呈线性增加，尽管绝对水平不同。在骑行和跑步过程中，血乳酸的积累在各组之间有非常明显的差异。当将心率和主观用力程度相互绘制时，非专业化组在相同主观评分（RPE 15）下，骑行和跑步之间的差异约为15 - 20次/分钟。与跑步者的40次/分钟相比，自行车赛车手几乎没有差异。可以得出结论，专项训练会改变对运动的生理和心理反应。
