Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Division of Mental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.
Addiction. 2013 Nov;108(11):2019-28. doi: 10.1111/add.12313. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
Snus, a form of smokeless tobacco, is increasingly popular in its traditional Nordic markets, and was recently launched commercially in the United States. We examined the cross-sectional associations between snus use and cardiovascular risk factors, and compared them with the corresponding associations of smoking.
Cross-sectional study.
The HUNT3 general population survey, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway (2006-08).
A general population sample of n = 25 163.
Measured triglyceride,- glucose- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, blood pressure and waist circumference, registry information on gender, age and education level, self-reported snus use, smoking, physical exercise and alcohol use.
In age- and gender-adjusted linear regression analyses, extensive snus use was associated with larger waist circumference (b = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.86, 2.43) and higher systolic blood pressure (b = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.48, 3.68), but with higher rather than lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (b = 1.66, 95% CI = 0.79, 2.53). These three differences remained significant after additional adjustment for smoking, education level, physical exercise and alcohol use. Smokers had higher triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol than snus users, but lower systolic blood pressure.
After adjusting statistically for major confounding variables, Norwegians who use snus extensively have a mixed profile in terms of cardiovascular risk: slightly higher waist circumference and systolic blood pressure but also higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
鼻烟，一种无烟烟草形式，在其传统的北欧市场越来越受欢迎，最近在美国商业推出。我们检查了鼻烟使用与心血管危险因素之间的横断面关联，并将其与吸烟的相应关联进行了比较。
横断面研究。
挪威特隆赫姆郡亨尤特 3 号（HUNT3）一般人群调查（2006-08 年）。
一般人群样本 n = 25163。
测量甘油三酯、葡萄糖和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）-胆固醇水平、血压和腰围、性别、年龄和教育程度的登记信息、自我报告的鼻烟使用、吸烟、体育锻炼和饮酒情况。
在年龄和性别调整的线性回归分析中，广泛使用鼻烟与更大的腰围（b = 1.65，95%CI = 0.86，2.43）和更高的收缩压（b = 2.58，95%CI = 1.48，3.68）相关，但与更高而不是更低的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平（b = 1.66，95%CI = 0.79，2.53）相关。在进一步调整吸烟、教育程度、体育锻炼和饮酒等因素后，这三个差异仍然显著。与鼻烟使用者相比，吸烟者的甘油三酯更高，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇更低，但收缩压更低。
在统计学上调整主要混杂变量后，广泛使用鼻烟的挪威人在心血管风险方面存在混合特征：腰围和收缩压略高，但高密度脂蛋白胆固醇也较高。
