Center for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
Doctoral Programme in Population Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.
BMJ Open. 2021 Sep 14;11(9):e050502. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050502.
The health hazards of tobacco products depend on the level of exposure, but little is known about the characteristics of snus use. The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of daily exposure to snus among occasional and daily users and its associated predictive factors among young Finnish men.
Cross-sectional questionnaire study.
Three out of 16 Finnish Defence Forces units.
1280 young Finnish male conscripts starting their military service in 2016 chosen by simple random sampling.
The prevalence, duration of use and the amount of daily usage of snus and cigarettes were investigated. The attitudes towards perceived harmfulness of snus and the predictive factors affecting the total time of snus consumption were examined.
Almost a fifth (19.5%) of the conscripts reported daily snus use, and a further 16% reported occasional use. Daily snus use was associated with an earlier starting age, longer duration of use and higher daily exposure time compared with occasional use. On average, daily snus users consumed 10 portions and occasional users three portions per day (p<0.001). The daily total exposure time for daily users was 372 min (95% CI 344 to 401) and for occasional users 139 min (95% CI 106 to 171). Respondents with an upper secondary education had significantly less daily total exposure than those with basic comprehensive education (p=0.036). Perceptions of snus as a harmful substance resulted in a significantly lower duration of exposure.
Snus use was very common among young Finnish men. High snus exposure duration was associated with an earlier starting age, a longer history of use and a careless attitude to its health hazards. A higher education level was a protective factor for total exposure time. Studies of the long-term health effects and dependency profile of snus use are needed.
烟草制品的健康危害取决于暴露水平，但人们对鼻烟使用的特点知之甚少。本研究旨在调查芬兰年轻男性偶尔使用者和经常使用者每天接触鼻烟的持续时间及其相关的预测因素。
横断面问卷调查研究。
芬兰国防军的三个单位中的三个。
2016 年开始兵役的 1280 名芬兰年轻男性应征者，通过简单随机抽样选择。
调查了鼻烟和香烟的使用频率、使用时间和每日使用量。还调查了对鼻烟危害性的看法以及影响鼻烟总消耗量的预测因素。
近五分之一（19.5%）的应征者报告每天使用鼻烟，另有 16%的应征者偶尔使用。与偶尔使用者相比，每天使用鼻烟者开始使用的年龄更早，使用时间更长，每日暴露时间更高。平均而言，每天使用鼻烟的人每天消耗 10 份，偶尔使用者消耗 3 份（p<0.001）。每天使用鼻烟者的总暴露时间为 372 分钟（95%CI 344 至 401），偶尔使用者为 139 分钟（95%CI 106 至 171）。具有中等教育程度的应答者每天的总暴露时间明显少于具有基础教育程度的应答者（p=0.036）。对鼻烟有害的看法会导致暴露时间明显缩短。
鼻烟在芬兰年轻男性中非常普遍。高鼻烟暴露时间与开始使用年龄较早、使用历史较长和对其健康危害的粗心态度有关。较高的教育水平是总暴露时间的保护因素。需要研究鼻烟使用的长期健康影响和依赖模式。
