Acar Fatih, Asirdizer Mahmut, Aker Rezzan Gulhan, Kucukibrahimoglu E Esra, Ates Ismail, Erol Yeter, Sahin Aysegul
Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul Chemistry Department Toxicology Division, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Forensic Leg Med. 2013 Aug;20(6):626-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Apr 13.
Nowadays traffic accidents, which have high mortality and morbidity, are an important public health problem. The association between the use of alcohol and/or drugs by drivers and the increased risk of traffic accidents with a high risk of death and injury has been well described in the literature. This study aimed to review the incidence of cases of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) among all cases of driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol and/or other drugs involved in traffic accidents and to evaluate the type of the psychoactive drugs (with or without alcohol) detected in blood samples in Istanbul and its surrounding area. This study is the first investigation on the subject of DUID cases in Turkey. The reports of the Istanbul Toxicology Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine (Turkey) on suspected DUID cases involved in traffic accidents between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011 were retrospectively reviewed for alcohol and/or drug use. Alcohol analysis was requested in 4274 suspected DUI cases, whereas drug along with alcohol analysis was requested in only 91. The rate of suspected DUID cases (n = 91) among the suspected DUI cases (n = 4274) was only 2.1% and in this study, we evaluated only the DUID cases in detail. Alcohol was present in 44% of suspected DUID cases. Psychoactive drugs were present in 15.4% of cases. The incidence among 46 confirmed DUID cases was found to be 17.4% for cannabis, 8.7% for benzodiazepines, 4.3% for barbiturates, 4.3% for antidepressants, 2.2% for cocaine and 2.2% for amphetamines. Although there is a zero-tolerance approach for DUID in the Turkish regulations, it is not well recognised and not inspected by police and legal authorities who are responsible for taking measures in traffic accidents and for routine traffic controls in Turkey. It is concluded that psychoactive drugs should be checked as well as alcohol in all traffic accident cases and roadside controls.
如今，交通事故死亡率和发病率居高不下，是一个重要的公共卫生问题。文献中已充分描述了驾驶员使用酒精和/或毒品与交通事故死亡和受伤风险增加之间的关联。本研究旨在回顾交通事故中涉及酒精和/或其他药物影响下驾驶（DUI）的所有案例中药物影响下驾驶（DUID）的发生率，并评估在伊斯坦布尔及其周边地区血液样本中检测到的精神活性药物（有无酒精）类型。本研究是土耳其关于DUID案例主题的首次调查。回顾了土耳其法医委员会伊斯坦布尔毒理学部门关于2010年7月1日至2011年6月30日期间涉及交通事故的疑似DUID案例中酒精和/或药物使用情况的报告。在4274起疑似DUI案例中进行了酒精分析，而仅在91起案例中同时进行了药物和酒精分析。疑似DUID案例（n = 91）在疑似DUI案例（n = 4274）中的比例仅为2.1%，在本研究中，我们仅对DUID案例进行了详细评估。44%的疑似DUID案例中存在酒精。15.4%的案例中存在精神活性药物。在46起确诊的DUID案例中，大麻的发生率为17.4%，苯二氮卓类药物为8.7%，巴比妥类药物为4.3%，抗抑郁药为4.3%，可卡因为2.2%，苯丙胺为2.2%。尽管土耳其法规对DUID采取零容忍政策，但该政策并未得到充分认可，负责处理交通事故和进行土耳其日常交通管制的警察和法律当局也未对其进行检查。结论是，在所有交通事故案例和路边检查中，应同时检查精神活性药物和酒精。
