Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Psychiatry Skåne, Lund, Sweden.
Brain Behav Immun. 2013 Oct;33:183-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.007. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Neuroinflammation may be involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and specifically in non-motor symptoms such as depression, fatigue and cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to measure inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from PD patients and a reference group, and to investigate correlations between non-motor symptoms and inflammation. We quantified C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, eotaxin, interferon gamma-induced protein-10, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-β in CSF samples from PD patients (N=87) and the reference group (N=33). Sixteen of the PD patients had a dementia diagnosis (PDD). We assessed symptoms of fatigue, depression, anxiety and cognitive function using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Mini Mental State Examination, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean levels of inflammatory markers between PD patients and the reference group. After controlling for age, gender and somatic illness, patients with PDD had significantly higher levels of CRP compared to non-demented PD patients (p=0.032) and the reference group (p=0.026). Increased levels of inflammatory markers in CSF were significantly associated with more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and cognition in the entire PD group. After controlling for PD duration, age, gender, somatic illness and dementia diagnosis, high CRP levels were significantly associated with more severe symptoms of depression (p=0.010) and fatigue (p=0.008), and high MCP-1 levels were significantly associated with more severe symptoms of depression (p=0.032). Our results indicate that non-motor features of PD such as depression, fatigue, and cognitive impairment are associated with higher CSF levels of inflammatory markers.
神经炎症可能与帕金森病 (PD) 的病理生理学有关，特别是与抑郁、疲劳和认知障碍等非运动症状有关。本研究的目的是测量 PD 患者和参考组的脑脊液 (CSF) 样本中的炎症标志物，并研究非运动症状与炎症之间的相关性。我们定量测定了 CSF 样本中的 C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子、γ-干扰素诱导蛋白-10、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (MCP-1) 和巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 1-β。PD 患者 (N=87) 和参考组 (N=33)。16 例 PD 患者有痴呆诊断 (PDD)。我们使用慢性疾病治疗疲劳功能评估量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表和简易精神状态检查分别评估疲劳、抑郁、焦虑和认知功能的症状。PD 患者和参考组之间的炎症标志物平均水平无显著差异。在控制年龄、性别和躯体疾病后，与非痴呆 PD 患者 (p=0.032) 和参考组 (p=0.026) 相比，PDD 患者的 CRP 水平显著升高。CSF 中炎症标志物水平的升高与整个 PD 组中抑郁、焦虑、疲劳和认知症状的严重程度显著相关。在控制 PD 持续时间、年龄、性别、躯体疾病和痴呆诊断后，高 CRP 水平与抑郁症状的严重程度显著相关 (p=0.010) 和疲劳 (p=0.008)，高 MCP-1 水平与抑郁症状的严重程度显著相关 (p=0.032)。我们的结果表明，PD 的非运动特征，如抑郁、疲劳和认知障碍，与 CSF 中更高水平的炎症标志物有关。
