Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Oct 15;261:72-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.017. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
The air monitors used by most regulatory authorities are designed to track the daily emissions of conventional pollutants and are not well suited for measuring hazardous air pollutants that are released from accidents such as refinery fires. By applying a wide variety of air-monitoring systems, including on-line Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and off-line gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for measuring hazardous air pollutants during and after a fire at a petrochemical complex in central Taiwan on May 12, 2011, we were able to detect significantly higher levels of combustion-related gaseous and particulate pollutants, refinery-related hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as 1,2-dichloroethane, vinyl chloride monomer, and dichloromethane, inside the complex and 10 km downwind from the fire than those measured during the normal operation periods. Both back trajectories and dispersion models further confirmed that high levels of hazardous air pollutants in the neighboring communities were carried by air mass flown from the 22 plants that were shut down by the fire. This study demonstrates that hazardous air pollutants from industrial accidents can successfully be identified and traced back to their emission sources by applying a timely and comprehensive air-monitoring campaign and back trajectory air flow models.
大多数监管机构使用的空气监测器旨在追踪常规污染物的日常排放，而不太适合测量危险空气污染物，这些污染物是从炼油厂火灾等事故中释放出来的。通过应用各种空气监测系统，包括在线傅里叶变换红外光谱、带火焰电离检测器的气相色谱和离线气相色谱-质谱，我们能够在 2011 年 5 月 12 日台湾中部一家石化厂火灾期间和之后测量危险空气污染物，结果显示，厂内和下风 10 公里处检测到的燃烧相关气态和颗粒污染物、炼油厂相关碳氢化合物以及氯化碳氢化合物（如 1,2-二氯乙烷、氯乙烯单体和二氯甲烷）的浓度明显高于正常运行期间的浓度。后向轨迹和扩散模型进一步证实，火灾中关闭的 22 家工厂产生的空气团将邻近社区的高浓度危险空气污染物带到了这里。本研究表明，通过及时和全面的空气监测活动以及后向轨迹气流模型，可以成功识别和追溯工业事故产生的危险空气污染物的来源。
