Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Units, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2013 Aug;34(15):1194-207. doi: 10.1002/marc.201300260. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
Monolithic aerogels can be easily obtained by drying physical gels formed by linear uncross-linked polymers. Preparation methods, structure, and properties of these physically cross-linked polymeric aerogels are reviewed, with particular emphasis to those whose cross-linking knots are crystallites and, more in particular, crystallites exhibiting nanoporous-crystalline forms. The latter aerogels present beside disordered amorphous micropores (typical of all aerogels) also all identical nanopores of the crystalline phases. Their outstanding guest transport properties combined with low material cost, robustness, durability, and ease of handling and recycle make these aerogels suitable for applications in chemical separations, purification, and storage as well as in biomedicine. Scientific, technological, and industrial perspectives for monolithic nanoporous-crystalline polymeric aerogels are also discussed.
整体气凝胶可以通过干燥由线性未交联聚合物形成的物理凝胶来轻易获得。本文综述了这些物理交联聚合物气凝胶的制备方法、结构和性能，特别强调了那些交联结为晶态的气凝胶，更具体地说，是那些具有纳米多孔晶态形式的交联结为晶态的气凝胶。后者的气凝胶除了具有无序的无定形微孔（所有气凝胶的典型特征）之外，还具有相同的各相同性纳米孔。它们出色的客体传输性能，加上低材料成本、坚固耐用、易于处理和回收，使得这些气凝胶适用于化学分离、纯化和储存以及生物医学领域的应用。本文还讨论了整体纳米多孔晶态聚合物气凝胶的科学、技术和工业前景。
