Golenkov Andrei, Large Matthew, Nielssen Olav
Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia.
Crim Behav Ment Health. 2013 Dec;23(5):347-55. doi: 10.1002/cbm.1876. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
A second homicide by a released mentally ill person is a potentially avoidable tragedy that can reduce the prospects of conditional release for other mentally ill offenders.
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and criminological features of single and recidivist homicide offenders with schizophrenia from the Chuvash Republic of the Russian Federation.
Data were extracted from the criminal and clinical records of all people with schizophrenia who had been convicted of a homicide in the Chuvash Republic at any time between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2010. Those convicted of a second homicide offence during the 30 years of the study were compared with those convicted of a single homicide.
Sixteen (10.7%) of 149 homicide offenders with schizophrenia had committed a previous homicide. The 16 recidivists included nine offenders who were diagnosed with schizophrenia at the time of their first homicide (after January 1981), three who were diagnosed with schizophrenia only after the first homicide and four who had already been diagnosed with schizophrenia at the time of a pre-1981 homicide. Time at risk for recidivists and non-recidivists differed, but the average time back in the community for the non-recidivists just exceeded the average time to second homicide for the recidivists. All the recidivists were men. Living in a rural area and dissocial personality traits were associated with homicide recidivism.
In the Chuvash republic, most of the repeat homicide offences by people with schizophrenia were committed by people residing in rural areas with less access to psychiatric services, which provides indirect evidence for the efficacy of ongoing treatment and supervision in preventing repeat homicides. This area of study is, however, limited by the small numbers of cases and the long follow-up required. International collaborative studies are indicated to provide a more accurate estimate of the rate of recidivist homicide in schizophrenia.
一名已获释的精神病患者再次实施杀人行为是一场有可能避免的悲剧，这可能会减少其他患有精神疾病的罪犯获得有条件释放的可能性。
本研究的目的是比较俄罗斯联邦楚瓦什共和国中单次杀人及多次杀人的精神分裂症罪犯的临床和犯罪学特征。
数据提取自1981年1月1日至2010年12月31日期间楚瓦什共和国任何时候因杀人罪被定罪的所有精神分裂症患者的刑事和临床记录。将在研究的30年期间被判第二次杀人罪的人与被判单次杀人罪的人进行比较。
149名患有精神分裂症的杀人罪犯中有16人（10.7%）曾有过杀人前科。这16名累犯中，有9名罪犯在首次杀人时（1981年1月之后）被诊断为精神分裂症，3名仅在首次杀人后被诊断为精神分裂症，4名在1个前1981年杀人时就已被诊断为精神分裂症。累犯和非累犯的风险期不同，但非累犯回到社区的平均时间仅略超过累犯第二次杀人的平均时间。所有累犯均为男性。生活在农村地区和反社会人格特质与杀人累犯有关。
在楚瓦什共和国，大多数精神分裂症患者的重复性杀人犯罪是由居住在农村地区、获得精神科服务机会较少的人实施的，这为持续治疗和监管在预防重复性杀人方面的有效性提供了间接证据。然而，该研究领域受限于病例数量少和所需的长期随访。需要开展国际合作研究以更准确地估计精神分裂症患者中杀人累犯的发生率。
