Eronen M, Hakola P, Tiihonen J
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Finland.
Psychiatr Serv. 1996 Apr;47(4):403-6. doi: 10.1176/ps.47.4.403.
Data on persons known to have committed homicide during a 13-year period were studied to determine factors associated with increased risk of repeating homicide.
Between 1981 and 1993, a total of 1,649 homicides were committed in Finland. In 1,089 cases (66 percent), the offenders received an exhaustive forensic psychiatric examination. Data from reports of these examinations were analyzed to determine whether mental disorder and other factors were associated with homicide recidivism.
Thirty-six homicide recidivists were identified. Twenty-four were alcoholics, 23 had a personality disorder, in most cases combined with alcoholism, four had schizophrenia, and two had major depression. Homicidal behavior was ten times more likely in men who had committed a previous homicide than in the general male population. Alcoholism increased the odds ratio of additional homicidal behavior in male homicide offenders about 13 times, and schizophrenia increased the odds ratio more than 25 times. During their first year after release from prison, male homicide offenders were about 250 times more likely to commit homicide than members of the general male population.
The data suggest that mentally abnormal offenders are overrepresented among homicide recidivists in Finland. The risk of repeat homicide appears to be very high during the first year after release from prison.
对13年间已知犯有杀人罪的人员数据进行研究，以确定与再次杀人风险增加相关的因素。
1981年至1993年期间，芬兰共发生1649起杀人案件。在1089起案件（66%）中，犯罪者接受了全面的法医精神病学检查。对这些检查报告的数据进行分析，以确定精神障碍和其他因素是否与杀人累犯有关。
确定了36名杀人累犯。24人酗酒，23人有人格障碍，大多数情况下伴有酗酒，4人患有精神分裂症，2人患有重度抑郁症。有过杀人前科的男性实施杀人行为的可能性是普通男性人口的10倍。酗酒使男性杀人犯罪者再次实施杀人行为的几率增加约13倍，精神分裂症使几率增加超过25倍。男性杀人犯罪者在出狱后的第一年实施杀人行为的可能性是普通男性人口的约250倍。
数据表明，在芬兰，精神异常的犯罪者在杀人累犯中占比过高。出狱后的第一年，再次杀人的风险似乎非常高。
