Xi Hai-ling, Zhao San-ping, Zhou Wen
State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 May;34(5):1645-52.
With the boosting demand for eco-friendly decontaminants, great achievements in peroxide-based decontaminating technologies have been made in recent years. These technologies have been applied in countering chemical/biological terrorist attacks, dealing with chemical/biological disasters and destructing environmental pollutants. Recent research advances in alpha-nucleophilic/oxidative reaction mechanisms of peroxide-based decontamination against chemical warfare agents were reviewed, and some classical peroxide-based decontaminants such as aqueous decontaminating solution, decontaminating foam, decontaminating emulsions, decontaminating gels, decontaminating vapors, and some newly developed decontaminating media (e.g., peroxide-based self-decontaminating materials and heterogeneous nano-catalytic decontamination systems) were introduced. However, currently available peroxide-based decontaminants still have some deficiencies. For example, their decontamination efficiencies are not as high as those of chlorine-containing decontaminants, and some peroxide-based decontaminants show relatively poor effect against certain agents. More study on the mechanisms of peroxide-based decontaminants and the interfacial interactions in heterogeneous decontamination media is suggested. New catalysts, multifunctional surfactants, self-decontaminating materials and corrosion preventing technologies should be developed before peroxide-based decontaminants really become true "green" decontaminants.
随着对环保型去污剂需求的不断增加，近年来基于过氧化物的去污技术取得了巨大成就。这些技术已应用于应对化学/生物恐怖袭击、处理化学/生物灾害以及破坏环境污染物。综述了基于过氧化物对化学战剂去污的α-亲核/氧化反应机制的最新研究进展，并介绍了一些经典的基于过氧化物的去污剂，如水性去污溶液、去污泡沫、去污乳液、去污凝胶、去污蒸气，以及一些新开发的去污介质（如基于过氧化物的自去污材料和多相纳米催化去污系统）。然而，目前可用的基于过氧化物的去污剂仍存在一些不足。例如，它们的去污效率不如含氯去污剂高，并且一些基于过氧化物的去污剂对某些药剂的效果相对较差。建议对基于过氧化物的去污剂的作用机制以及多相去污介质中的界面相互作用进行更多研究。在基于过氧化物的去污剂真正成为真正的“绿色”去污剂之前，应开发新的催化剂、多功能表面活性剂、自去污材料和防腐技术。
