Russell Alan J, Berberich Jason A, Drevon Geraldine F, Koepsel Richard R
Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2003;5:1-27. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.5.121202.125602. Epub 2003 Apr 10.
Recent events have emphasized the threat from chemical and biological warfare agents. Within the efforts to counter this threat, the biocatalytic destruction and sensing of chemical and biological weapons has become an important area of focus. The specificity and high catalytic rates of biological catalysts make them appropriate for decommissioning nerve agent stockpiles, counteracting nerve agent attacks, and remediation of organophosphate spills. A number of materials have been prepared containing enzymes for the destruction of and protection against organophosphate nerve agents and biological warfare agents. This review discusses the major chemical and biological warfare agents, decontamination methods, and biomaterials that have potential for the preparation of decontamination wipes, gas filters, column packings, protective wear, and self-decontaminating paints and coatings.
近期事件凸显了化学和生物战剂带来的威胁。在应对这一威胁的努力中，生物催化销毁及检测化学和生物武器已成为一个重要的关注领域。生物催化剂的特异性和高催化速率使其适用于退役神经毒剂库存、应对神经毒剂攻击以及修复有机磷泄漏。已经制备了多种含有酶的材料，用于销毁有机磷神经毒剂和生物战剂并提供防护。本综述讨论了主要的化学和生物战剂、去污方法以及具有制备去污擦拭布、气体过滤器、柱填料、防护服和自去污涂料及涂层潜力的生物材料。
