Yuan Ning, Liu Wei, Zhao Xiu-liang, Wang Guang-hua, Yao Jian, Zeng You-shi, Liu Sui-qing
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 May;34(5):1995-2002.
Using STAPLEX pumping system with a six-stage cascade impactor (size range: <0.49 microm, 0.49-0.95 microm, 0.95-1.5 microm, 1.5-3.0 microm, 3.0-7.2 microm, > 7.2 microm), the atmospheric particulate samples at suburb (Jiading District) and urban (Xuhui District) sites in Shanghai, China were collected from May 2010 to May 2011. The organic carbon (OC) and the element carbon (EC) of those samples were analyzed by a DRI Model 2001 thermal/optical carbon analyzer with the reflectance (TOR) method. The size distributions of OC and EC in atmospheric particles both showed bimodal distributions at Jiading and Xuhui, with the peaks at size range of < 0.49 microm. Meanwhile, the average annual concentrations of OC and EC in PM3.0 were 16.35 microg x m(-3) and 2.22 microg x m(-3) at Jiading, 11.85 microg x m(-3) and 1.91 microg x m(-3) at Xuhui, respectively. The higher concentrations of particulate matters together with their carbonaceous species at the suburb site indicated that the particulate and carbonaceous aerosol pollution was more serious at suburb than at urban in Shanghai. Compared with Xuhui, the OC shared a higher homology with EC at < 1.5 microm sizes at Jiading, which suggested that OC was mostly derived from combustion sources at urban site in Shanghai. Furthermore, the OC/EC mass ratios at various particulate sizes and those ratios of different sources were discussed. The result suggested that more vehicle emission and more road dust were present at Xuhui District. Moreover, the second organic carbon (SOC) were estimated using EC as a tracer of primary organic carbon, the SOC mass concentration in PM3.0 was 6.76 microg x m(-3) and had a proportion of 69% of OC in Shanghai, which also showed a bimodal distribution with peaks at size of 0. 49-0.95 microm and 3.0-7.2 microm, respectively.
使用配备六级串级冲击器（粒径范围：<0.49微米、0.49 - 0.95微米、0.95 - 1.5微米、1.5 - 3.0微米、3.0 - 7.2微米、>7.2微米）的STAPLEX抽吸系统，于2010年5月至2011年5月在中国上海郊区（嘉定区）和市区（徐汇区）站点采集大气颗粒物样本。采用DRI 2001型热/光碳分析仪的反射率（TOR）法对这些样本中的有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）进行分析。嘉定和徐汇大气颗粒物中OC和EC的粒径分布均呈现双峰分布，峰值出现在<0.49微米的粒径范围内。同时，嘉定区PM3.0中OC和EC的年均浓度分别为16.35微克×米-3和2.22微克×米-3，徐汇区分别为11.85微克×米-3和1.91微克×米-3。郊区站点较高浓度的颗粒物及其含碳物种表明，上海郊区的颗粒物和含碳气溶胶污染比市区更为严重。与徐汇区相比，嘉定区<1.5微米粒径的OC与EC具有更高的同源性，这表明上海市区站点的OC主要来源于燃烧源。此外，还讨论了不同粒径颗粒物的OC/EC质量比以及不同来源的该比值。结果表明，徐汇区存在更多的机动车排放和道路扬尘。此外，以EC作为一次有机碳的示踪剂估算二次有机碳（SOC），上海PM3.0中SOC质量浓度为6.76微克×米-3，占OC的比例为69%，其也呈现双峰分布，峰值分别出现在0.49 - 0.95微米和3.0 - 7.2微米粒径处。
