Westcountry Rivers Trust , Rain-Charm House, Stoke Climsland, Cornwall, PL17 8PH, United Kingdom.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Sep 3;47(17):9824-32. doi: 10.1021/es401793e. Epub 2013 Aug 20.
EU legislation, including the Water Framework Directive, has led to the application of increasingly stringent quality standards for a wide range of chemical contaminants in surface waters. This has raised the question of how to determine and to quantify the sources of such substances so that measures can be taken to address breaches of these quality standards using the polluter pays principle. Contaminants enter surface waters via a number of diffuse and point sources. Decision support tools are required to assess the relative magnitudes of these sources and to estimate the impacts of any programmes of measures. This work describes the development and testing of a modeling framework, the Source Apportionment Geographical Information System (SAGIS). The model uses readily available national data sets to estimate contributions of a number of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), metals (copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury, and nickel) and organic chemicals (a phthalate and a number of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) from multiple sector sources. Such a tool has not previously been available on a national scale for such a wide range of chemicals. It is intended to provide a common platform to assist stakeholders in future catchment management.
欧盟法规，包括《水框架指令》，导致对地表水中各种化学污染物应用越来越严格的质量标准。这就提出了一个问题，即如何确定和量化这些物质的来源，以便能够根据“污染者付费”原则采取措施来应对这些质量标准的违规行为。污染物通过多种分散和点源进入地表水。需要决策支持工具来评估这些来源的相对重要性，并估计任何措施方案的影响。这项工作描述了一个建模框架的开发和测试，即源分配地理信息系统（SAGIS）。该模型利用现成的国家数据集来估算来自多个部门源的多种营养素（氮和磷）、金属（铜、锌、镉、铅、汞和镍）和有机化学品（邻苯二甲酸酯和多种多环芳烃）的贡献。以前，对于如此广泛的化学物质，没有这样的工具可以在国家范围内使用。它旨在提供一个共同的平台，以协助利益相关者在未来的集水区管理。
