LaPlante Debi A, Nelson Sarah E, Gray Heather M
Division on Addiction, Cambridge Health Alliance.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2014 Jun;28(2):396-403. doi: 10.1037/a0033810. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
The "involvement effect" refers to the finding that controlling for gambling involvement often reduces or eliminates frequently observed game-specific associations with problem gambling. In other words, broader patterns of gambling behavior, particularly the number of types of games played over a defined period, contribute more to problem gambling than playing specific games (e.g., lottery, casino, Internet gambling). This study extends this burgeoning area of inquiry in three primary ways. First, it tests independently and simultaneously the predictive power of two gambling patterns: breadth involvement (i.e., the number of games an individual plays) and depth involvement (i.e., the number of days an individual plays). Second, it includes the first involvement analyses of actual betting activity records that are associated with clinical screening information. Third, it evaluates and compares the linearity of breadth and depth effects. We conducted analyses of the actual gambling activity of 1,440 subscribers to the bwin.party gambling service who completed an online gambling disorder screen. In all, 11 of the 16 games we examined had a significant univariate association with a positive screen for gambling disorder. However, after controlling for breadth involvement, only Live Action Internet sports betting retained a significant relationship with potential gambling-related problems. Depth involvement, though significantly related to potential problems, did not impact game-based gambling disorder associations as much as breadth involvement. Finally, breadth effects appeared steeply linear, with a slight quadratic component manifesting beyond four games played, but depth effects appeared to have a strong linear component and a slight cubic component.
“参与效应”指的是这样一个发现：控制赌博参与度往往会减少或消除经常观察到的特定游戏与问题赌博之间的关联。换句话说，更广泛的赌博行为模式，特别是在一段确定时期内所玩游戏类型的数量，对问题赌博的影响比玩特定游戏（如彩票、赌场赌博、网络赌博）更大。本研究主要从三个方面扩展了这个新兴的研究领域。首先，它独立并同时测试了两种赌博模式的预测能力：广度参与度（即个体玩的游戏数量）和深度参与度（即个体玩游戏的天数）。其次，它纳入了与临床筛查信息相关的实际投注活动记录的首次参与度分析。第三，它评估并比较了广度和深度效应的线性关系。我们对bwin.party赌博服务的1440名完成在线赌博障碍筛查的订阅者的实际赌博活动进行了分析。在我们研究的16种游戏中，共有11种与赌博障碍阳性筛查存在显著的单变量关联。然而，在控制了广度参与度之后，只有真人互联网体育博彩与潜在的赌博相关问题仍保持显著关系。深度参与度虽然与潜在问题显著相关，但对基于游戏的赌博障碍关联的影响不如广度参与度大。最后，广度效应呈现出陡峭的线性关系，在玩超过四种游戏后有轻微的二次成分显现，但深度效应似乎有一个强烈的线性成分和轻微的三次成分。
