1 INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
Animal. 2013 Dec;7(12):2016-25. doi: 10.1017/S175173111300147X. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
The high pre-weaning mortality in farm animal species and poor welfare conditions of reproductive females question modern industrial farming acceptability. A growing body of literature has been produced recently, investigating the impact of maternal stress during gestation on maternal and offspring physiology and behavior in farm animals. Until now, the possible impact of prenatal stress on neonatal health, growth and survival could not be consistently demonstrated, probably because experimental studies use small numbers of animals and thus do not allow accurate estimations. However, the data from literature synthesized in the present review show that in ungulates, maternal stress can sometimes alter important maternal parameters of neonatal survival such as colostrum production (ruminants) and maternal care to the newborn (pigs). Furthermore, maternal stress during gestation can affect maternal immune system and impair her health, which can have an impact on the transfer of pathogens from the mother to her fetus or neonate. Finally, prenatal stress can decrease the ability of the neonate to absorb colostral immunoglobulins, and alter its inflammatory response and lymphocyte functions during the first few weeks of life. Cortisol and reproductive hormones in the case of colostrogenesis are pointed out as possible hormonal mediators. Field data and epidemiological studies are needed to quantify the role of maternal welfare problems in neonatal health and survival.
在农场动物物种中，高的断奶前死亡率和繁殖雌性动物的较差福利状况引起了现代工业养殖的关注。最近产生了越来越多的文献，研究了妊娠期母体应激对农场动物母体和后代生理和行为的影响。到目前为止，产前应激对新生儿健康、生长和存活的可能影响还不能得到一致的证明，这可能是因为实验研究使用的动物数量较少，因此无法进行准确的估计。然而，本综述中综合的文献数据表明，在有蹄类动物中，母体应激有时会改变重要的新生儿存活的母体参数，如初乳的产生（反刍动物）和对新生仔猪的母性照顾（猪）。此外，妊娠期母体应激会影响母体的免疫系统并损害其健康，从而影响病原体从母体向胎儿或新生儿的转移。最后，产前应激会降低新生仔猪吸收初乳免疫球蛋白的能力，并改变其在生命的最初几周的炎症反应和淋巴细胞功能。在初乳生成的情况下，皮质醇和生殖激素被指出是可能的激素介质。需要现场数据和流行病学研究来量化母体福利问题在新生儿健康和存活中的作用。
