Griffin Cleet
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4475, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2013 Aug;29(2):487-504, vii-viii. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2013.04.004. Epub 2013 May 23.
Postpartum evaluation of the foal's head and mouth are performed to detect craniofacial malformations and other congenital defects. Detailed oral examination and diagnostic imaging can provide diagnostic and prognostic information about congenital abnormalities of the mouth or skull. Important abnormalities of foals include wry nose, cleft palate, overbite (parrot mouth), and underbite (monkey mouth, sow mouth). Tumors and cysts can be detected in young horses. In juvenile horses, primary dental care procedures include oral examination, management of sharp enamel points, management of deciduous teeth, and management of wolf teeth. Facial or jaw swellings are also important considerations.
对新生马驹的头部和口腔进行产后评估，以检测颅面畸形和其他先天性缺陷。详细的口腔检查和诊断成像可以提供有关口腔或颅骨先天性异常的诊断和预后信息。新生马驹的重要异常包括歪鼻、腭裂、上颌前突（鹦鹉嘴）和下颌前突（猴嘴、母猪嘴）。肿瘤和囊肿可在幼马中被检测到。对于幼年马，基本的牙齿护理程序包括口腔检查、锐利牙釉质尖的处理、乳牙的处理和狼齿的处理。面部或颌部肿胀也是需要重点关注的问题。
