Nisell R, Mizrah J
Kinesiology Research Group, Departments of Anatomy, Physical Medicine and Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 1988 May;3(2):92-100. doi: 10.1016/0268-0033(88)90051-4.
Two healthy subjects were filmed on TV-video when performing 14 different steps and jumps from two different heights (0·20 m and 0·43 m) onto two Kistler force platforms that recorded the reaction forces. The ankle and knee load moments and joint forces were calculated using a sagittal plane semi-dynamic biomechanical model. Steps with the ball of the foot from the lower height induced a vertical ground reaction force (Fz) close to 1 body weight (bw) and around 2 bw from the greater height. From the greater height the knee moments for the majority of the step-downs studied were about 100 Nm, which gave knee joint compressive forces of 4-7 bw. The ankle was exposed to loads of similar magnitude but not so much influenced by step height. The reasons why patients with knee pain prefer performing backward step-downs are discussed.
两名健康受试者在电视录像中从两个不同高度（0.20米和0.43米）进行14种不同的步伐和跳跃动作，落在两个记录反作用力的奇石乐测力平台上。使用矢状面半动态生物力学模型计算踝关节和膝关节的负荷力矩以及关节力。从较低高度用前脚掌进行的步伐动作产生的垂直地面反作用力（Fz）接近1倍体重（bw），而从较高高度进行时约为2倍bw。从较高高度进行的大多数下台阶动作中，膝关节力矩约为100牛米，这使得膝关节的压缩力为4至7倍bw。踝关节承受的负荷大小相似，但受台阶高度的影响较小。文中讨论了膝关节疼痛患者更喜欢进行向后下台阶动作的原因。
