Wretenberg P, Lindberg F, Arborelius U P
Kinesiology Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 1993 Mar;8(2):95-101. doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(93)90039-K.
The loading moments of force about the hip and knee joints of ten healthy male subjects were calculated using recorded forces from a force plate and static contribution from body segments. The subjects rose from a chair while using armrests in ten different ways, and, as a reference, without arm aid. The influence of different armrest heights, hand placements and arm forces was studied. Horizontal and vertical forces on the armrests were measured. Irrespective of armrest height and hand placement, the use of armrests significantly reduced the hip and knee moments compared to rising without arm aid (P < 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between different armrest heights or hand placements. High arm force reduced both hip and knee moments. The greatest reduction occurred for high armrests and high arm force, which reduced the mean peak hip moment from 39 to 17 N m and the knee moment from 83 to 28 N m. Calculation of patellofemoral compressive force and the force on the femoral head due to extensor muscle activity demonstrated that local hip and knee forces were reduced when armrests were used. Horizontal forces applied to the armrests were small. Subjectively 'doubled' arm force resulted in nearly double force on the armrests.
利用测力板记录的力和身体各部分的静态贡献，计算了10名健康男性受试者髋关节和膝关节的加载力矩。受试者以十种不同方式使用扶手从椅子上起身，并以不借助手臂作为参照。研究了不同扶手高度、手部放置位置和手臂用力的影响。测量了扶手上的水平力和垂直力。无论扶手高度和手部放置位置如何，与不借助手臂起身相比，使用扶手显著降低了髋关节和膝关节的力矩（P < 0.001）。然而，不同扶手高度或手部放置位置之间没有统计学上的显著差异。较大的手臂用力降低了髋关节和膝关节的力矩。对于高扶手和较大的手臂用力，力矩降低幅度最大，平均峰值髋关节力矩从39 N·m降至17 N·m，膝关节力矩从83 N·m降至28 N·m。髌股关节压缩力以及伸肌活动对股骨头的作用力的计算表明，使用扶手时局部髋关节和膝关节的力会降低。施加在扶手上的水平力较小。主观上“加倍”的手臂用力导致扶手上的力几乎加倍。
