Kerzel Dirk, Schönhammer Josef
Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Éducation, Université de Genève, 40 Boulevard du Pont d'Arve, 1205, Genève, Switzerland,
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2013 Nov;75(8):1633-43. doi: 10.3758/s13414-013-0512-3.
Reaction times in a visual search task increase when an irrelevant but salient stimulus is presented. Recently, the hypothesis that the increase in reaction times was due to attentional capture by the salient distractor has been disputed. We devised a task in which a search display was shown after observers had initiated a reaching movement toward a touch screen. In a display of vertical bars, observers had to touch the oblique target while ignoring a salient color singleton. Because the hand was moving when the display appeared, reach trajectories revealed the current selection for action. We observed that salient but irrelevant stimuli changed the reach trajectory at the same time as the target was selected, about 270 ms after movement onset. The change in direction was corrected after another 160 ms. In a second experiment, we compared manual selection of color and orientation targets and observed that selection occurred earlier for color than for orientation targets. Salient stimuli support faster selection than do less salient stimuli. Under the assumption that attentional selection for action and perception are based on a common mechanism, our results suggest that attention is indeed captured by salient stimuli.
当呈现一个不相关但显著的刺激时，视觉搜索任务中的反应时间会增加。最近，关于反应时间增加是由于显著干扰物引起的注意力捕获这一假设受到了质疑。我们设计了一个任务，在观察者开始向触摸屏伸手移动后，展示一个搜索显示。在一组垂直条的显示中，观察者必须触摸倾斜的目标，同时忽略一个显著的颜色单独元素。因为当显示出现时手正在移动，伸手轨迹揭示了当前的动作选择。我们观察到，显著但不相关的刺激在目标被选择的同时，也就是运动开始后约270毫秒，改变了伸手轨迹。方向的改变在另外160毫秒后得到纠正。在第二个实验中，我们比较了对颜色和方向目标的手动选择，观察到颜色目标的选择比方向目标更早发生。显著刺激比不太显著的刺激支持更快的选择。假设动作和感知的注意力选择基于共同机制，我们的结果表明注意力确实会被显著刺激捕获。
