Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval Québec, Canada ; INRA, UMR 0985 Ecology and Health of Ecosystems 35042, Rennes, France ; Agrocampus Ouest 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, France ; INRA, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Ecol Evol. 2013 Jul;3(7):2334-49. doi: 10.1002/ece3.629. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
While the stocking of captive-bred fish has been occurring for decades and has had substantial immediate genetic and evolutionary impacts on wild populations, its long-term consequences have only been weakly investigated. Here, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of 1428 Atlantic salmon sampled from 1965 to 2006 in 25 populations throughout France to investigate the influence of stocking on the neutral genetic structure in wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations. On the basis of the analysis of 11 microsatellite loci, we found that the overall genetic structure among populations dramatically decreased over the period studied. Admixture rates among populations were highly variable, ranging from a nearly undetectable contribution from donor stocks to total replacement of the native gene pool, suggesting extremely variable impacts of stocking. Depending on population, admixture rates either increased, remained stable, or decreased in samples collected between 1998 and 2006 compared to samples from 1965 to 1987, suggesting either rising, long-lasting or short-term impacts of stocking. We discuss the potential mechanisms contributing to this variability, including the reduced fitness of stocked fish and persistence of wild locally adapted individuals.
虽然圈养繁殖鱼类的放养已经持续了几十年，并对野生种群产生了重大的直接遗传和进化影响，但对其长期后果的研究还很薄弱。在这里，我们对 1965 年至 2006 年间在法国 25 个种群中采集的 1428 条大西洋鲑鱼进行了时空分析，以研究放养对野生大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）种群中性遗传结构的影响。基于对 11 个微卫星基因座的分析，我们发现，在研究期间，种群间的总体遗传结构急剧下降。种群间的混合率变化很大，从供体种群的贡献几乎无法检测到，到完全替代本地基因库，表明放养的影响极其多变。根据种群的不同，与 1965 年至 1987 年的样本相比，1998 年至 2006 年采集的样本中，混合率要么增加，要么保持稳定，要么减少，这表明放养的影响要么是上升的，要么是持久的，要么是短期的。我们讨论了促成这种变异性的潜在机制，包括放养鱼类的适应性降低和野生地方适应个体的持续存在。
