Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
Br J Sports Med. 2015 Jan;49(2):79-87. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092358. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programmes have shown mixed results, which may be due to differing emphasis on training components. The purpose of this study was to (1) quantify the overall and relative duration of each training component encompassed within these programmes and (2) examine the effect of these durations on ACL injury rates.
A systematic review was completed and meta-analyses performed on eligible studies to produce a pooled OR estimate of the effectiveness of these programmes. Meta-regression was used to detect any relationship that programme duration and the duration of individual training components had on ACL injury rates.
13 studies were included for review. Results of the meta-analyses revealed a significant reduction of injuries after preventative training programmes for all ACL injuries (pooled OR estimate of 0.612, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.85; p=0.004) and for non-contact ACL injuries (OR 0.351, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.54; p<0.001). Results of meta-regression analysis revealed that a greater duration of balance training was associated with a higher injury risk for ACL injury (p=0.04), while greater durations of static stretching was associated with a lower injury risk for non-contact ACL injuries (p=0.04).
While ACL prevention programmes are successful in reducing the risk of ACL injury, the ideal combination and emphasis of training components within these programmes remains unclear. Evidence indicates that greater emphases on balance training and static stretching may be associated with an increase and decrease in injury risk, respectively.
前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤预防计划的结果喜忧参半，这可能是由于对训练组成部分的重视程度不同。本研究的目的是：（1）量化这些计划中包含的每个训练组成部分的总体和相对持续时间；（2）研究这些持续时间对 ACL 损伤率的影响。
完成了系统评价，并对符合条件的研究进行了荟萃分析，以产生这些计划有效性的汇总 OR 估计值。使用荟萃回归来检测计划持续时间和个别训练组成部分的持续时间与 ACL 损伤率之间的任何关系。
纳入了 13 项研究进行综述。荟萃分析的结果表明，预防性训练计划可显著降低所有 ACL 损伤（总体 OR 估计值为 0.612，95%CI 为 0.44 至 0.85；p=0.004）和非接触性 ACL 损伤（OR 0.351，95%CI 为 0.23 至 0.54；p<0.001）的发生率。荟萃回归分析的结果表明，平衡训练的持续时间与 ACL 损伤的风险增加相关（p=0.04），而静态伸展训练的持续时间与非接触性 ACL 损伤的风险降低相关（p=0.04）。
尽管 ACL 预防计划在降低 ACL 损伤风险方面取得了成功，但这些计划中训练组成部分的理想组合和重点仍不清楚。有证据表明，对平衡训练和静态伸展的重视程度增加和降低可能分别与损伤风险的增加和降低相关。
