Division of Transplant Surgery, and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Denver, CO.
Am J Transplant. 2013 Oct;13(10):2524-9. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12398. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
The purine nucleoside adenosine is clinically employed in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. In addition, it has direct coronary vasodilatory effects, and may influence platelet aggregation. Experimental observations mechanistically link extracellular adenosine to cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Adenosine generation has been implicated in several pathophysiologic processes including angiogenesis, tumor defenses and neurodegeneration. In solid organ transplantation, prolonged tissue ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury may lead to profound graft dysfunction. Importantly, conditions of limited oxygen availability are associated with increased production of extracellular adenosine and subsequent tissue protection. Within the rapidly expanding field of adenosine biology, several enzymatic steps in adenosine production have been characterized and multiple receptor subtypes have been identified. In this review, we briefly examine the biologic steps involved in adenosine generation and chronicle the current state of adenosine signaling in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury.
腺嘌呤核苷腺苷在临床上用于治疗室上性心动过速。此外，它具有直接的冠状动脉舒张作用，并可能影响血小板聚集。实验观察从机制上把细胞外腺苷与细胞对缺氧的适应联系起来。腺苷的产生与包括血管生成、肿瘤防御和神经退行性变在内的几种病理生理过程有关。在实体器官移植中，长时间的组织缺血和随后的再灌注损伤可能导致严重的移植物功能障碍。重要的是，氧气供应有限的情况与细胞外腺苷的产生增加和随后的组织保护有关。在迅速发展的腺苷生物学领域中，已经描述了腺苷产生中的几个酶促步骤，并鉴定了多个受体亚型。在这篇综述中，我们简要地研究了腺苷产生所涉及的生物学步骤，并记录了目前在肝缺血和再灌注损伤中的腺苷信号。
