Cheung Grace, Pizzola Lisa, Keller Heather
Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2013;32(3):175-212. doi: 10.1080/21551197.2013.809673.
Malnutrition is common in acute care hospitals. During hospitalization, poor appetite, medical interventions, and food access issues can impair food intake leading to iatrogenic malnutrition. Nutritional support is a common intervention with demonstrated effectiveness. "Food first" approaches have also been developed and evaluated. This scoping review identified and summarized 35 studies (41 citations) that described and/or evaluated dietary, foodservice, or mealtime interventions with a food first focus. There were few randomized control trials. Individualized dietary treatment leads to improved food intake and other positive outcomes. Foodservices that promote point-of-care food selection are promising, but further research with food intake and nutritional outcomes is needed. Protected mealtimes have had insufficient implementation, leading to mixed results, while mealtime assistance, particularly provided by volunteers or dietary staff, appears to promote food intake. A few innovative strategies were identified but further research to develop and evaluate food first approaches is needed.
营养不良在急症医院很常见。住院期间，食欲不振、医疗干预和食物获取问题会影响食物摄入，导致医源性营养不良。营养支持是一种常见且已证明有效的干预措施。“食物优先”方法也已得到开发和评估。本综述确定并总结了35项研究（41篇文献），这些研究描述和/或评估了以食物优先为重点的饮食、餐饮服务或用餐干预措施。随机对照试验很少。个体化饮食治疗可改善食物摄入及带来其他积极结果。促进床边食物选择的餐饮服务很有前景，但需要进一步研究其对食物摄入和营养结果的影响。受保护用餐时间的实施不足，导致结果不一，而用餐协助，尤其是由志愿者或餐饮工作人员提供的协助，似乎能促进食物摄入。确定了一些创新策略，但需要进一步研究以开发和评估食物优先方法。
