University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
J Clin Microbiol. 2013 Oct;51(10):3338-57. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01465-13. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
In recent years, the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV), Chrysosporium guarroi, Chrysosporium ophiodiicola, and Chrysosporium species have been reported as the causes of dermal or deep lesions in reptiles. These infections are contagious and often fatal and affect both captive and wild animals. Forty-nine CANV isolates from reptiles and six isolates from human sources were compared with N. vriesii based on their cultural characteristics and DNA sequence data. Analyses of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal gene revealed that the reptile pathogens and human isolates belong in well-supported clades corresponding to three lineages that are distinct from all other taxa within the family Onygenaceae of the order Onygenales. One lineage represents the genus Nannizziopsis and comprises N. vriesii, N. guarroi, and six additional species encompassing isolates from chameleons and geckos, crocodiles, agamid and iguanid lizards, and humans. Two other lineages comprise the genus Ophidiomyces, with the species Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola occurring only in snakes, and Paranannizziopsis gen. nov., with three new species infecting squamates and tuataras. The newly described species are Nannizziopsis dermatitidis, Nannizziopsis crocodili, Nannizziopsis barbata, Nannizziopsis infrequens, Nannizziopsis hominis, Nannizziopsis obscura, Paranannizziopsis australasiensis, Paranannizziopsis californiensis, and Paranannizziopsis crustacea. Chrysosporium longisporum has been reclassified as Paranannizziopsis longispora. N. guarroi causes yellow fungus disease, a common infection in bearded dragons and green iguanas, and O. ophiodiicola is an emerging pathogen of captive and wild snakes. Human-associated species were not recovered from reptiles, and reptile-associated species were recovered only from reptiles, thereby mitigating concerns related to zoonosis.
近年来，Nannizziopsis vriesii（CANV）的 Chrysosporium 无性型、Chrysosporium guarroi、Chrysosporium ophiodiicola 和 Chrysosporium 种被报道为爬行动物皮肤或深部病变的原因。这些感染具有传染性，且常致命，影响圈养和野生动物。从爬行动物中分离的 49 株 CANV 株和从人类来源分离的 6 株菌株，根据其培养特性和 DNA 序列数据与 N. vriesii 进行了比较。内转录间隔区和核核糖体基因小亚基序列分析表明，爬行动物病原体和人类分离株属于具有良好支持的分支，与 Onygenales 目中的 Onygenaceae 科内的所有其他分类群明显不同。一个分支代表 Nannizziopsis 属，包括 N. vriesii、N. guarroi 和六个额外的种，涵盖了变色龙和壁虎、鳄鱼、鬣蜥和鬣蜥以及人类的分离株。另外两个分支包含 Ophidiomyces 属，种 Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola 仅存在于蛇中，Paranannizziopsis gen. nov. 包含三个新种，感染有鳞目和喙头目。新描述的种为 Nannizziopsis dermatitidis、Nannizziopsis crocodili、Nannizziopsis barbata、Nannizziopsis infrequens、Nannizziopsis hominis、Nannizziopsis obscura、Paranannizziopsis australasiensis、Paranannizziopsis californiensis 和 Paranannizziopsis crustacea。Chrysosporium longisporum 已被重新分类为 Paranannizziopsis longispora。N. guarroi 引起黄真菌病，是胡子龙和绿鬣蜥的常见感染，而 O. ophiodiicola 是一种新兴的圈养和野生蛇病原体。从爬行动物中未分离到与人相关的种，而从爬行动物中仅分离到与爬行动物相关的种，从而减轻了与动物传染病相关的担忧。
