Pastushkova Lyudmila Kh, Kireev Kirill S, Kononikhin Alexei S, Ivanisenko Vladimir A, Larina Irina M, Nikolaev Evgeny N
Institute of Medicobiologic Problems, Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2013 Aug;84(8):859-63. doi: 10.3357/asem.3510.2013.
The recent evolution of genomics and subsequently proteomics offers a major advance in the ability to understand individual human variation in disease and the molecular level changes induced by certain environmental exposures. This original study examines urinary proteome composition to enable the understanding of molecular homeostatic mechanisms in spaceflight and presents the potential for early detection of subclinical disease, microgravity risk mitigation strategies, and countermeasure development for exploration-class missions.
The urinary proteome composition of six Russian cosmonauts (men, ages 35-51) who flew long-duration missions of 169-199 d was determined 30 d before flight and compared to repeat studies 1 and 7 d postflight.
There were 430 proteins identified. Of those, 15 proteins originated in the renal tissues. Of the 15 urinary proteins, 10 were consistently present in the urine. However, the presence of five of the urinary proteins--neutral endopeptidase (NEP), afamin (AFAM), aquaporin-2 (AQP2), aminopeptidase A (AMPE), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)--was dependent on spaceflight exposure.
Proteomic investigation of pre- and postflight urine and bioinformation approaches to proteome analysis provide important data relative the mechanism of kidney function in spaceflight. In this initial study, we determined that the evaluation of urinary proteins may help investigators understand changes that are occurring in microgravity. Once additional ground-based and in-flight data are collected, it is feasible to develop targeted studies for tracking specific spaceflight related changes, determine countermeasure and risk-mitigation effectiveness, and possibly detect subclinical disease in flight crewmembers.
基因组学以及随后蛋白质组学的最新进展，极大地提升了我们理解人类个体疾病差异以及特定环境暴露所引发分子水平变化的能力。这项原创性研究通过检测尿液蛋白质组组成，来深入了解太空飞行中的分子稳态机制，并展现了早期发现亚临床疾病、减轻微重力风险策略以及为探索级任务开发应对措施的潜力。
对6名执行了169 - 199天长期任务的俄罗斯宇航员（年龄在35 - 51岁之间的男性），在飞行前30天测定其尿液蛋白质组组成，并与飞行后第1天和第7天的重复研究结果进行比较。
共鉴定出430种蛋白质。其中，15种蛋白质源自肾组织。在这15种尿液蛋白质中，有10种始终存在于尿液中。然而，5种尿液蛋白质——中性内肽酶（NEP）、载脂蛋白A（AFAM）、水通道蛋白2（AQP2）、氨肽酶A（AMPE）和二肽基肽酶4（DPP4）——的存在取决于太空飞行暴露情况。
对飞行前后尿液进行蛋白质组学研究以及采用生物信息学方法进行蛋白质组分析，为了解太空飞行中肾功能机制提供了重要数据。在这项初步研究中，我们确定对尿液蛋白质的评估可能有助于研究人员了解微重力环境下正在发生的变化。一旦收集到更多的地面和飞行数据，开展针对性研究以追踪特定的太空飞行相关变化、确定应对措施和风险缓解效果，并有可能在机组人员中检测出亚临床疾病，将是可行的。
