Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2013 Oct;209(2):95-113. doi: 10.1111/apha.12156. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
Cytolysins inflict cell damage by forming pores in the plasma membrane. The Na(+) conductivity of these pores results in an ion influx that exceeds the capacity of the Na(+) /K(+) -pump to extrude Na(+) . This net load of intracellular osmolytes results in swelling and eventual lysis of the attacked cell. Many nucleated cells have the capacity to reduce the potential damage of pore-forming proteins, whereas erythrocytes have been regarded as essentially defenceless against cytolysin-induced cell damage. This review addresses how autocrine/paracrine signalling and the cells intrinsic volume regulation markedly influence the fate of the cell after membrane insertion of cytolysins. Moreover, it regards the various steps that may explain the relative large degree of diversity between cell types and species as well as highlights some of the current gaps in the mechanistic understanding of cytolysin-induced cell injury.
细胞溶素通过在质膜上形成孔来造成细胞损伤。这些孔的钠离子通透性导致钠离子内流超过钠钾泵将钠离子排出的能力。这种细胞内渗透溶质的净负荷导致受攻击细胞的肿胀和最终溶解。许多有核细胞具有降低孔形成蛋白潜在损伤的能力，而红细胞被认为基本上无法抵御细胞溶素诱导的细胞损伤。本综述探讨了自分泌/旁分泌信号和细胞内在的体积调节如何显著影响细胞溶素插入质膜后细胞的命运。此外，它还考虑了可能解释细胞类型和物种之间相对较大差异的各种步骤，并强调了对细胞溶素诱导的细胞损伤的机制理解中存在的一些当前差距。
