Reed Kathlyn L
School of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University-Houston Center, Houston, TX, 77030.
Occup Ther Health Care. 2005;19(3):33-50. doi: 10.1080/J003v19n03_04.
Herbert James Hall, MD (1870-1923), was a pioneer in the systematic and organized study of occupation as therapy for persons with nervous and mental disorders that he called the "work cure." He began his work in 1904 during the early years of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States. His primary interest was the disorder neurasthenia, a condition with many symptoms including chronic fatigue, stress, and inability to work or perform everyday tasks. The prevailing treatment of the day was absolute bed rest known as the "rest cure." Hall believed that neurasthenia was not caused by overwork but by faulty living habits that could be corrected through an ordered life schedule and selected occupations. He identified several principles of therapy that are still used today including graded activity and energy conservation. Dr. Adolph Meyer credits Hall for organizing the ideas on the therapeutic use of occupation (Meyer, 1922). Hall also provided the name American Occupational Therapy Association for the professional organization and served as the fourth president. For his many contributions to the profession Hall deserves to be recognized as a major contributor to the development and organization of occupational therapy.
赫伯特·詹姆斯·霍尔医学博士（1870 - 1923）是系统且有组织地研究将职业作为治疗神经和精神疾病患者的疗法（他称之为“工作疗法”）的先驱。他于1904年在美国工艺美术运动早期开始这项工作。他主要关注的疾病是神经衰弱，这种病症有许多症状，包括慢性疲劳、压力以及无法工作或完成日常任务。当时流行的治疗方法是绝对卧床休息，即所谓的“休息疗法”。霍尔认为神经衰弱不是由过度劳累引起的，而是由不良生活习惯导致的，这些习惯可以通过有序的生活日程和选定的职业来纠正。他确定了一些至今仍在使用的治疗原则，包括分级活动和能量守恒。阿道夫·迈耶博士称赞霍尔将职业治疗用途的理念进行了整理（迈耶，1922年）。霍尔还为专业组织提供了“美国职业治疗协会”这个名称，并担任第四任主席。由于他对该专业的诸多贡献，霍尔理应被视为职业治疗发展和组织的主要贡献者。
