Kuhs H
Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik Münster.
Z Klin Psychol Psychopathol Psychother. 1990;38(2):135-45.
This psychopathological study about the experience of anxiety in 160 melancholic and 93 neurotic depressive patients (diagnostic criteria acc. to ICD-9) aims at reconsidering earlier findings about the anthropological essence of melancholia. Anxiety seems to be especially appropriate to examine changes in time experience emphasized by phenomenological authors. Only 5% of the melancholic patients spontaneously report on alterations of the experience of time. Self reports point to a "basic disturbance of temporal development" (von Gebsattel) in melancholia. The temporal structure of the experience of anxiety however, more depends on the respective content of anxiety than on the patient group examined. On the contrary the natural matter of course in dealing with hitherto familiar affairs gets lost more often in melancholia than in non-melancholic states: Anxiety about all and everything and anxiety related to depersonalization prove to be characteristic of melancholia, even with regard to the severity of depression. The data confirm that beyond changes of time experience a "separateness from the essential conditions of natural experience" (Binswanger) comes to light in melancholia.
这项关于160名忧郁症患者和93名神经症抑郁症患者焦虑体验的精神病理学研究（诊断标准依据ICD - 9）旨在重新审视关于忧郁症人类学本质的早期研究结果。焦虑似乎特别适合用于检验现象学作者所强调的时间体验变化。只有5%的忧郁症患者会自发报告时间体验的改变。自我报告指出忧郁症存在“时间发展的基本障碍”（冯·格布塞尔）。然而，焦虑体验的时间结构更多地取决于焦虑的具体内容，而非所研究的患者群体。相反，与处理熟悉事务的自然状态相比，忧郁症患者比非忧郁症状态下的人更容易失去这种自然状态：对一切事物的焦虑以及与人格解体相关的焦虑被证明是忧郁症的特征，即使在抑郁症严重程度方面也是如此。数据证实，除了时间体验的变化之外，忧郁症还呈现出“与自然体验的基本条件相分离”（宾斯万格）的情况。
