Department of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention, Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece.
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 18;18(29):20532.
Leishmaniasis is endemic and mandatorily notifiable in Greece. Epidemiological surveillance data for leishmaniasis in Greece between 1981 and 2011 are presented. In 1998, the notification system began distinguishing between visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mean annual incidence of reported leishmaniasis cases between 1998 and 2011 was 0.36 per 100,000 population. Of a total 563 leishmaniasis cases reported after 1998, 523 (93%) were visceral leishmaniasis cases. Incidence of reported visceral leishmaniasis cases fluctuated during this period, generally decreasing after 2007, with a small re-increase in 2011. The mean annual incidence rate of reported visceral leishmaniasis cases was significantly higher in less than four year-olds (p <0.001). Leishmaniasis cases occurred both in the country mainland and islands. Between 1998 and 2011, Attica concentrated almost half of the reported visceral leishmaniasis cases, with incidence rates in western Attica and western Athens above 12.00 per 100,000 population. Compared to visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis had a rather sporadic distribution, with many prefectures appearing free of cases. From 2004, the notification also included risk factors and of 287 cases with known immune status, 44 (15%) were immunocompromised. Moreover having a dog at home was reported by 209 of 312 leishmaniasis cases (67%), whereas 229 of 307 cases (75%) reported the presence of stray dogs near their residence. Linking clinical surveillance data with laboratory data and improving collaboration with the veterinary public health sector are some of the future challenges for leishmaniasis surveillance in Greece.
利什曼病在希腊流行，且须强制报告。现呈现希腊 1981 年至 2011 年利什曼病的流行病学监测数据。1998 年，报告系统开始区分内脏利什曼病和皮肤利什曼病。1998 年至 2011 年报告的利什曼病病例的年平均发病率为每 10 万人 0.36 例。在 1998 年后报告的总共 563 例利什曼病病例中，523 例（93%）为内脏利什曼病病例。在此期间，报告的内脏利什曼病病例的发病率波动不定，一般在 2007 年后降低，2011 年略有回升。小于 4 岁儿童的报告内脏利什曼病病例的年平均发病率明显较高（p<0.001）。利什曼病病例发生在大陆和岛屿。在 1998 年至 2011 年期间，阿提卡大区集中了近一半的报告内脏利什曼病病例，西部阿提卡和雅典西部的发病率高于每 10 万人 12.00 例。与内脏利什曼病相比，皮肤利什曼病的分布较为分散，许多州似乎没有病例。从 2004 年起，通报还包括危险因素，在已知免疫状况的 287 例病例中，44 例（15%）免疫功能低下。此外，312 例利什曼病病例中有 209 例（67%）报告家中有狗，而 307 例病例中有 229 例（75%）报告住所附近有流浪狗。将临床监测数据与实验室数据联系起来，并加强与兽医公共卫生部门的合作，是希腊利什曼病监测的未来挑战之一。
