Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (Academic Hospital Centre) / University Montpellier 1, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, Montpellier, France.
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 18;18(29):20534.
Leishmaniasis is endemic in the south of France, where autochthonous disease is caused by Leishmania infantum, and affects both humans and dogs. The prevalence of canine leishmaniasis is between 3 and 66% depending on the region and the methods used. Human leishmaniases are also imported into France, mainly from French Guiana and North Africa. The surveillance of autochthonous and imported human leishmaniases is based on passive notification to the National Reference Centre for Leishmaniases (NRCL) created in 1998. Between 1999 and 2012, 317 autochthonous and 1,154 imported cases were notified to the NRCL. The average number of autochthonous cases notified per year was 22.6, mainly cases of visceral leishmaniasis (84.5%). All cases were infected in the south of France. Leishmaniasis incidence is 0.22 per 100,000 inhabitants in the endemic area. Imported cases were more frequent (annual mean of 82.4 cases) and consisted predominantly in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases (91%), essentially L. major CL imported from Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa, and L. guyanensis CL from French Guiana. This national notification system allowed a better understanding of the incidence and distribution of the disease; it is also useful to assess the temporal-spatial evolution of the disease in France, which appears relatively stable.
利什曼病在法国南部流行，当地的利什曼原虫病由利什曼原虫引起，可影响人类和犬类。犬类利什曼病的流行率在 3%至 66%之间，具体取决于地区和所使用的方法。人类利什曼病也被输入法国，主要来自法属圭亚那和北非。法国通过 1998 年成立的国家利什曼病参考中心（NRCL）对本土和输入性人类利什曼病进行监测。1999 年至 2012 年间，NRCL 共报告了 317 例本土病例和 1154 例输入性病例。每年报告的本土病例平均数量为 22.6 例，主要为内脏利什曼病（84.5%）。所有病例均在法国南部感染。利什曼病在流行地区的发病率为每 10 万人 0.22 例。输入性病例更为频繁（年平均 82.4 例），主要为皮肤利什曼病（CL）病例（91%），主要是从马格里布和撒哈拉以南非洲输入的利什曼原虫 CL 和从法属圭亚那输入的利什曼原虫 CL。该国家通报系统使人们更好地了解了疾病的发病率和分布情况；它还有助于评估法国疾病的时空演变，该病在法国相对稳定。
