Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology Parasitology Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Iraklion, Greece.
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 25;18(30):20540. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.30.20540.
An updated view of the establishment and spread of the leishmaniases in Europe is presented, mostly with respect to newly emerging and re-emerging foci and the incrimination of neglected as well as new reservoir hosts. At the same time, a concept of specific versus permissive vectors reassesses the potential role of various sandfly species in Leishmania transmission and considers the risk of introduction of exotic Leishmania species in Europe. The leishmaniases are dynamic diseases and the circumstances of transmission are continually changing in relation to environmental, demographic and human behavioural factors. Changes in the habitat of the natural hosts and vectors, immunosuppressive conditions (like infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or organ transplantation-associated therapies in humans) and the consequences of war, all contribute to the transformation of the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. Such changes should be considered when studying the spread of the disease throughout Europe for targeted control measures to safeguard public health.
本文主要就新出现和再现的流行区，以及被忽视和新的储存宿主，对欧洲利什曼病的建立和传播进行了最新的综述。同时，特定载体与许可载体的概念重新评估了各种沙蝇在利什曼原虫传播中的潜在作用，并考虑了在欧洲引入外来利什曼原虫物种的风险。利什曼病是一种动态疾病，其传播的情况会不断发生变化，这与环境、人口和人类行为因素有关。自然宿主和媒介的栖息地的变化、免疫抑制条件（如人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染或人类器官移植相关治疗）以及战争的后果，都导致了利什曼病流行病学的转变。在研究整个欧洲疾病的传播时，应考虑这些变化，以便采取有针对性的控制措施来保障公共卫生。
