Killick-Kendrick R
Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire.
Med Vet Entomol. 1990 Jan;4(1):1-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00255.x.
An account is given of work published during the past 10 years incriminating species of phlebotomine sandflies as vectors of Leishmania species which infect man. An assessment is made of the degrees of certainty of the vectorial roles of eighty-one species and subspecies of sandflies (thirty-seven Old World and forty-four New World) in the transmission of twenty-nine leishmanial parasites of mammals. At least one species of sandfly is considered to be a proven vector of each of ten parasites. Of the eighty-one sandfly taxa, evidence is judged to be sufficient to incriminate nineteen as proven vectors (eleven Phlebotomus species and eight Lutzomyia species or subspecies) and evidence for a further fourteen (nine Phlebotomus species and five Lutzomyia species or subspecies) is considered to be strong. The suggested criteria for incrimination of a vector are anthropophily and common infection with the same leishmanial parasite as that found in man in the same place. More weight should be given to natural infections persisting after the digestion of a bloodmeal than those in the presence of blood. Supporting evidence is a concordance in the distribution of the fly and the disease in man, proof that the fly feeds regularly on the reservoir host, a flourishing development of the parasite in infected flies and the experimental transmission of the parasite by the bite of the fly.
本文介绍了过去10年发表的有关 incriminating 白蛉属沙蝇作为感染人类的利什曼原虫物种传播媒介的研究工作。对81种和亚种沙蝇（37种旧大陆沙蝇和44种新大陆沙蝇）在29种哺乳动物利什曼原虫寄生虫传播中的媒介作用的确定程度进行了评估。至少有一种沙蝇被认为是10种寄生虫中每种寄生虫的已证实传播媒介。在81个沙蝇分类单元中，有证据判定19种为已证实的传播媒介（11种白蛉属物种和8种罗蛉属物种或亚种），另有14种（9种白蛉属物种和5种罗蛉属物种或亚种）的证据被认为很充分。确定传播媒介的建议标准是嗜人性以及与在同一地点人类中发现的相同利什曼原虫寄生虫共同感染。与吸血时存在的感染相比，血餐消化后持续存在的自然感染应给予更大权重。支持证据包括沙蝇与人类疾病分布的一致性、沙蝇定期吸食储存宿主血液的证据、感染沙蝇体内寄生虫的旺盛发育以及沙蝇叮咬导致寄生虫的实验性传播。 （注：“incriminating”此处可能是特定术语，暂直译为“ incriminating”，若有更准确专业译法可替换）
