利用中国野生葡萄属植物进行无核葡萄育种研究 II. 离体胚抢救和植株发育。

Breeding for seedless grapes using Chinese wild Vitis spp. II. In vitro embryo rescue and plant development.

机构信息

College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.

出版信息

J Sci Food Agric. 2013 Dec;93(15):3870-5. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6342. Epub 2013 Sep 4.

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.6342

PMID:23929583

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Since 1982, the embryo rescue technique has been widely applied to embryo germination of stenospermic grapes in cross-breeding programmes. This project aimed to: (1) use embryos to breed new seedless cultivars of Vitis vinifera as the female parents utilising wild Chinese Vitis spp. as the male parents; and (2) develop an efficient method for in vitro embryo rescue and plant development.

RESULTS

Among the different genotypes, the productions of hybrid plants were significantly different, ranged from 21.1% ('Ruby Seedless' × 'Beichun') to only 1.1% ('Pink Seedless' × 'Beichun'), except for the combinations from which no surviving seedlings were obtained. We collected hybridisation fruits from 28 June to 3 August, and obtained their best sampling times described within days after flowering. The highest rates of embryo formation (24.3%) and plant development (91.4%) were found when ovules of 'Ruby Seedless' were cultured in MM4 + 500 mg L(-1) mashed banana.

CONCLUSION

Seven new hybrids of V. vinifera with wild Chinese Vitis spp. were obtained. As a result of early nuclear-free character identification, 17 seedless grape lines were obtained. An efficient system of seedless grape breeding through embryo rescue was also established.

摘要

背景

自 1982 年以来，胚胎拯救技术已广泛应用于杂交育种计划中对闭花授粉葡萄的胚胎萌发。本项目旨在：（1）利用胚胎培育新的无核酿酒葡萄品种作为母本，利用中国野生葡萄作为父本；（2）开发一种高效的体外胚胎拯救和植物发育方法。

结果

在不同的基因型中，杂交植物的产量差异显著，从 21.1%（“Ruby Seedless”×“Beichun”）到仅 1.1%（“Pink Seedless”×“Beichun”），除了没有获得存活幼苗的组合。我们于 6 月 28 日至 8 月 3 日收集杂交果实，并获得了开花后最佳的取样时间，描述为开花后天数。当在 MM4+500mg/L 捣碎香蕉中培养“Ruby Seedless”的胚珠时，胚胎形成率（24.3%）和植物发育率（91.4%）最高。