Espinosa Geovanni, Esposito Ralph, Kazzazi Amir, Djavan Bob
New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Can J Urol. 2013 Aug;20(4):6820-5.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a more common form of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). BPH is due to the excessive growth of both stromal and epithelial cells of the prostate. Fifty percent of men over the age of 50 will have this disease, along with the probability that 90% of men at the age of 80 will have an enlarged prostate. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the male urological population may represent a connection between BPH and vitamin D.
This review is geared to provide the most relevant data on the correlation between vitamin D and BPH. A comprehensive review was conducted on all studies on the specific topic and compiled into a complete article.
Data suggests that vitamin D has an inhibitory effect on the RhoA/ROCK pathway, along with cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in BPH stromal cells. Increasing intake of vitamin D from diet and supplements has shown a correlation with decreased BPH prevalence. Vitamin D analogues of up to 6000 IU/day have shown to decrease prostate volume in BPH patients. Pre-clinical trials have shown vitamin D to not only decrease BPH cell and prostate cell proliferation alone, but also when induced by known growth promoting molecules such as IL-8, Des (1-3) IGF-1, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Among all the studies there has not been any side effects or negative implications with increased vitamin D intake.
The impact of vitamin D on prostate volume and BPH has shown promising results, thus proposing further studies on vitamin D and BPH be conducted.
良性前列腺增生（BPH）是下尿路症状（LUTS）中较常见的一种形式。BPH是由于前列腺基质细胞和上皮细胞过度生长所致。50%的50岁以上男性会患此病，80岁男性中有90%可能会出现前列腺增大。男性泌尿系统人群中维生素D缺乏的患病率可能表明BPH与维生素D之间存在联系。
本综述旨在提供关于维生素D与BPH相关性的最相关数据。对所有关于该特定主题的研究进行了全面综述，并汇编成一篇完整的文章。
数据表明，维生素D对BPH基质细胞中的RhoA/ROCK信号通路、环氧合酶-2表达和前列腺素E2生成具有抑制作用。从饮食和补充剂中增加维生素D的摄入量与BPH患病率降低相关。高达6000国际单位/天的维生素D类似物已显示可减小BPH患者的前列腺体积。临床前试验表明，维生素D不仅能单独降低BPH细胞和前列腺细胞的增殖，而且在已知的生长促进分子如IL-8、去（1-3）胰岛素样生长因子-1、睾酮和双氢睾酮诱导时也能降低其增殖。在所有研究中，增加维生素D摄入量均未出现任何副作用或负面影响。
维生素D对前列腺体积和BPH的影响已显示出有前景的结果，因此建议对维生素D和BPH进行进一步研究。
