The University of Queensland, Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2013 Sep;141(1-2):1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 Jul 17.
A current challenge in genetic improvement of cattle is to identify genomic selection strategies that could work across breeds. Breed differences, scarcity of data, and lack of quantitative trait loci (QTL) validation contribute to this challenge. We conducted a review of the literature to identify QTL, markers, and candidate genes that are associated with fertility across breeds to arrive at an integrated view of bovine fertility genomics and to guide the direction of future studies. This review considers both male and female fertility traits as these are economically relevant for all breeds and production systems. Regions associated with fertility traits were found in each of the 30 bovine chromosomes, confirming the complexity of these polygenic traits. Across breeds, regions on chromosomes 1, 5, 14, and 16 were associated with female reproductive traits. The X chromosome was associated with male reproductive traits in both dairy and beef bulls. It has recently been proposed that a Y chromosome anomaly may be involved in infertility in cows. Knowledge of these QTL may assist discovery of causative mutations and has the potential to improve the accuracy of genomic selection, especially across breeds of cattle.
当前，牛种遗传改良面临的一个挑战是，需要确定可跨品种应用的基因组选择策略。品种差异、数据稀缺以及缺乏数量性状基因座（QTL）验证，都加剧了这一挑战。我们对文献进行了综述，以确定与各品种的繁殖力相关的 QTL、标记和候选基因，从而对牛种繁殖力基因组学形成综合认识，并为未来的研究指明方向。本综述同时考虑了公、母牛的繁殖力性状，因为这些性状对所有品种和生产体系都具有经济意义。在 30 条牛染色体的每条染色体上都发现了与繁殖力性状相关的区域，证实了这些多基因性状的复杂性。在不同品种中，1、5、14 和 16 号染色体上的区域与母牛的生殖性状有关。X 染色体与奶牛和肉牛公牛的雄性生殖性状有关。最近有人提出，Y 染色体异常可能与母牛不孕有关。对这些 QTL 的了解有助于发现致病突变，并有可能提高基因组选择的准确性，尤其是在牛的不同品种之间。
