Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, United States; Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions (CASAA), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Dec 1;133(2):502-12. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.07.013. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
Concise, accurate measures of maternal prenatal alcohol use are needed to better understand fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).
Measures of drinking by mothers of children with specific FASD diagnoses and mothers of randomly-selected controls are compared and also correlated with physical and cognitive/behavioral outcomes.
Measures of maternal alcohol use can differentiate maternal drinking associated with FASD from that of controls and some from mothers of alcohol-exposed normals. Six variables that combine quantity and frequency concepts distinguish mothers of FASD children from normal controls. Alcohol use variables, when applied to each trimester and three months prior to pregnancy, provide insight on critical timing of exposure as well. Measures of drinking, especially bingeing, correlate significantly with increased child dysmorphology and negative cognitive/behavioral outcomes in children, especially low non-verbal IQ, poor attention, and behavioral problems. Logistic regression links (p<.001) first trimester drinking (vs. no drinking) with FASD, elevating FASD likelihood 12 times; first and second trimester drinking increases FASD outcomes 61 times; and drinking in all trimesters 65 times. Conversely, a similar regression (p=.008) indicates that drinking only in the first trimester makes the birth of a child with an FASD 5 times less likely than drinking in all trimesters.
There is significant variation in alcohol consumption both within and between diagnostic groupings of mothers bearing children diagnosed within the FASD continuum. Drinking measures are empirically identified and correlated with specific child outcomes. Alcohol use, especially heavy use, should be avoided throughout pregnancy.
为了更好地了解胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD），我们需要简洁、准确的产前母亲酒精使用测量方法。
比较了具有特定 FASD 诊断的儿童的母亲和随机选择的对照组母亲的饮酒措施，并与身体和认知/行为结果进行了相关性分析。
母亲饮酒量的测量方法可以区分与 FASD 相关的母亲饮酒和对照组的母亲饮酒，也可以区分与酒精暴露正常儿童的母亲饮酒。六个综合了数量和频率概念的变量可以将 FASD 儿童的母亲与正常对照组区分开来。将饮酒变量应用于妊娠前每个三个月和三个月前，可以深入了解暴露的关键时间。饮酒量的测量方法，尤其是狂饮，与儿童的畸形增加和认知/行为的负面结果显著相关，尤其是非言语智商低、注意力差和行为问题。逻辑回归链接（p<.001）表明，与不饮酒相比，第一孕期饮酒（而非不饮酒）与 FASD 相关，使 FASD 的可能性增加 12 倍；第一和第二孕期饮酒使 FASD 发生率增加 61 倍；而所有孕期饮酒使 FASD 发生率增加 65 倍。相反，类似的回归（p=.008）表明，与所有孕期饮酒相比，仅在第一孕期饮酒使患有 FASD 的儿童的出生率降低 5 倍。
在患有 FASD 连续体的儿童的母亲中，无论是在组内还是组间，饮酒量都存在显著差异。饮酒量的测量方法是通过经验确定的，并与特定的儿童结果相关。整个孕期都应避免饮酒，尤其是大量饮酒。
