Natural History Museum Vienna, 2nd Zoological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Department of Integrative Zoology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2013 Nov;42(6):565-582. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2013.07.004. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
The external and internal head anatomy of Sisyra terminalis is described in detail and compared with data from literature. A salivary pump consisting of a peculiar reservoir and a hitherto unknown muscle, M. ductus salivarii, is newly described for Neuroptera. The upward folded paraglossae form a secondary prolongation of the salivary system. These structures are discussed as functional adaptations for feeding on aphids and desiccated honeydew. In a phylogenetic analysis the basal position of the Sisyridae within Neuroptera is retrieved. The following new synapomorphies are postulated: (1) for Neuropterida, the presence of a M. submentomentalis and prepharyngeal ventral transverse muscles, and the absence of a M. submentopraementalis; (2) for Neuroptera and Sialidae, the presence of a mandibular gland; (3) for Neuroptera, the presence of four scapopedicellar muscles; (4) for Neuroptera exclusive Nevrorthidae and Sisyridae, the weakening of dorsal tentorial arms, the presence of a M. tentoriomandibularis medialis superior and the shifted origin of M. tentoriocardinalis.
详细描述了 Sisyra terminalis 的外部和内部头部解剖结构，并与文献中的数据进行了比较。为 Neuroptera 新描述了一种由特殊储液器和一种迄今未知的肌肉 M. ductus salivarii 组成的唾液泵。向上折叠的副舌形成唾液系统的次要延伸。这些结构被认为是用于吸食蚜虫和干燥蜜露的功能适应。在系统发育分析中，Sisyridae 在 Neuroptera 中的基部位置被恢复。提出了以下新的同形特征：（1）对于 Neuropterida，存在 M. submentomentalis 和咽前腹横向肌肉，以及不存在 M. submentopraementalis；（2）对于 Neuroptera 和 Sialidae，存在下颌腺；（3）对于 Neuroptera，存在四个 scapopedicellar 肌肉；（4）对于 Neuroptera ，Nevrorthidae 和 Sisyridae 的背索臂变弱，存在 M. tentoriomandibularis medialis superior 和 M. tentoriocardinalis 的起源移位。
