Natural History Museum, 2nd Zoological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2011 Nov;40(6):571-82. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2011.06.003. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
Despite several recent analyses on the phylogeny of Neuroptera some questions still remain to be answered. In the present analysis we address these questions by exploring a hitherto unexplored character complex: the tentorium, the internal cuticular support structure of the insect head. We described in detail the tentoria of representatives of all extant neuropteran families and the muscles originating on the tentorium using 3D microCT images and analyzed differences in combination with a large published matrix based on larval characters. We find that the tentorium and associated musculature are a source of phylogenetically informative characters. The addition of the tentorial characters to the larval matrix causes a basad shift of the Sisyridae and clearly supports a clade of all Neuroptera except Sisyridae and Nevrorthidae. A sister group relationship of Coniopterygidae and the dilarid clade is further corroborated. A general trend toward a reduction of the dorsal tentorial arms and the development of laminatentoria is observed. In addition to the phylogenetic analysis, a correlation among the feeding habits, the development of the maxillary muscles, and the laminatentoria is demonstrated.
尽管最近有几项关于脉翅目系统发育的分析，但仍有一些问题需要回答。在本分析中，我们通过探索一个迄今为止尚未探索的特征复合体来解决这些问题：膜翅，昆虫头部的内部角质支持结构。我们使用 3D 微 CT 图像详细描述了所有现存的脉翅目科代表的膜翅和起源于膜翅的肌肉，并结合基于幼虫特征的大型已发表矩阵分析了差异。我们发现，膜翅和相关肌肉是具有系统发育信息的特征来源。将膜翅特征添加到幼虫矩阵中会导致 Sisyridae 基部移位，并明确支持除 Sisyridae 和 Nevrorthidae 之外的所有 Neuroptera 组成的一个分支。进一步证实了 Coniopterygidae 和 dilarid 分支的姊妹群关系。观察到背侧膜翅臂的减少和 laminatentoria 的发育呈总体趋势。除了系统发育分析外，还证明了摄食习性、上颌肌发育和 laminatentoria 之间存在相关性。
