1Internal Medicine Department.
Lupus. 2013 Dec;22(14):1529-33. doi: 10.1177/0961203313500548. Epub 2013 Aug 9.
This retrospective study aimed to collect data related to the clinical manifestations and laboratory investigations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia, in one of the tertiary-care centers, King Fahd Hospital Al-Hasa, and to compare it with other regions of Saudi Arabia. Forty-six patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology 1997 criteria (ACR) were collected over a period from January 2004 to December 2008. The results showed an average age of onset of 26.17 (±9.17). The most common clinical features were nonspecific constitutional symptoms (fever, fatigue and malaise) seen in 44 patients (95.7%). Musculoskeletal features seen were mostly arthralgias (91.3%) and arthritis (76.1%). Nephritis was seen in 58.7% and hypertension in 52.2%. Mucocutaneous involvement included oral ulcers (71.7%), hair loss (65.2%), butterfly rashes (67.4%), photosensitivity (47.8%) and discoid lupus (13%). Neurologic manifestations showed psychosis in 17.4%, depression in 15.2% and headache in 28.3%. The most common hematologic presentation was leukopenia (58.7%) followed by hemolytic anemia and anemia of chronic disease (47.8%). Antinuclear antibodies were positive in 44 (95.7%), anti-dsDNA in 38 (42.6%), anti-Ro SSA and La SSB in 38 (82.6%). Anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant were positive in eight (17.4%). Low complement levels (C3 and C4) were seen in 41 (89.1%) of the patients with active disease. The drugs used in treatment were NSAIDs (100%), antimalarials (97.8%), steroids (100%), intermittent cyclophosphamide and other immunosuppressive drugs (71.7%). We found that the age of onset and sex distributions were different from other areas of Saudi Arabia, while clinical manifestations were the same as in other areas. The prognosis of lupus was good overall despite the multi-organ involvement. However, further studies based on larger number of patients are needed.
本回顾性研究旨在收集沙特阿拉伯东部一家三级保健中心——法赫德国王医院哈萨的系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 患者的临床表现和实验室检查数据，并与沙特阿拉伯其他地区进行比较。在 2004 年 1 月至 2008 年 12 月期间，共收集了符合美国风湿病学会 1997 年标准 (ACR) 的 46 例患者。结果显示，平均发病年龄为 26.17（±9.17）岁。最常见的临床特征是 44 例患者（95.7%）存在非特异性全身症状（发热、疲劳和不适）。肌肉骨骼特征主要为关节痛（91.3%）和关节炎（76.1%）。肾炎发生率为 58.7%，高血压发生率为 52.2%。黏膜皮肤受累包括口腔溃疡（71.7%）、脱发（65.2%）、蝶形皮疹（67.4%）、光过敏（47.8%）和盘状狼疮（13%）。神经表现为精神错乱 17.4%、抑郁 15.2%和头痛 28.3%。最常见的血液学表现是白细胞减少症（58.7%），其次是溶血性贫血和慢性病性贫血（47.8%）。抗核抗体阳性率为 44 例（95.7%），抗双链 DNA 抗体阳性率为 38 例（42.6%），抗 Ro SSA 和 La SSB 抗体阳性率为 38 例（82.6%）。抗心磷脂抗体和狼疮抗凝物阳性率为 8 例（17.4%）。41 例（89.1%）活动期疾病患者补体水平（C3 和 C4）降低。治疗中使用的药物为非甾体抗炎药（100%）、抗疟药（97.8%）、类固醇（100%）、间歇性环磷酰胺和其他免疫抑制剂（71.7%）。我们发现，发病年龄和性别分布与沙特阿拉伯其他地区不同，而临床表现与其他地区相同。尽管多器官受累，但狼疮的预后总体良好。然而，需要进一步开展基于更多患者的研究。
