Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 2;8(8):e69017. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069017. Print 2013.
Sorption by active filter media can be a convenient option for phosphorus (P) removal and recovery from wastewater for on-site treatment systems. There is a need for a robust laboratory method for the investigation of filter materials to enable a reliable estimation of their longevity. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate and (2) quantify the effect of hydraulic loading rate and influent source (secondary wastewater and synthetic phosphate solution) on P binding capacity determined in laboratory column tests and (3) to study how much time is needed for the P to react with the filter material (reaction time). To study the effects of these factors, a 2(2) factorial experiment with 11 filter columns was performed. The reaction time was studied in a batch experiment. Both factors significantly (α = 0.05) affected the P binding capacity negatively, but the interaction of the two factors was not significant. Increasing the loading rate from 100 to 1200 L m(-2) d(-1) decreased P binding capacity from 1.152 to 0.070 g kg(-1) for wastewater filters and from 1.382 to 0.300 g kg(-1) for phosphate solution filters. At a loading rate of 100 L m(-2) d(-1), the average P binding capacity of wastewater filters was 1.152 g kg(-1) as opposed to 1.382 g kg(-1) for phosphate solution filters. Therefore, influent source or hydraulic loading rate should be carefully controlled in the laboratory. When phosphate solution and wastewater were used, the reaction times for the filters to remove P were determined to be 5 and 15 minutes, respectively, suggesting that a short residence time is required. However, breakthrough in this study occurred unexpectedly quickly, implying that more time is needed for the P that has reacted to be physically retained in the filter.
吸附作用是一种从废水中去除和回收磷（P）的便捷方法，适用于现场处理系统。因此，需要开发一种稳健的实验室方法来研究过滤材料，以可靠地估计其寿命。本研究的目的是：（1）调查和（2）量化水力负荷率和进水源（二级废水和合成磷酸盐溶液）对实验室柱试验中确定的磷结合能力的影响；（3）研究磷与过滤材料反应所需的时间（反应时间）。为了研究这些因素的影响，进行了一项有 11 个过滤柱的 2(2)析因实验。在批量实验中研究了反应时间。这两个因素都显著（α=0.05）地对磷结合能力产生了负面影响，但两个因素之间的相互作用并不显著。将负荷率从 100 L m(-2) d(-1)增加到 1200 L m(-2) d(-1)，使废水过滤器的磷结合能力从 1.152 g kg(-1)降至 0.070 g kg(-1)，而磷酸盐溶液过滤器的磷结合能力从 1.382 g kg(-1)降至 0.300 g kg(-1)。在 100 L m(-2) d(-1)的负荷率下，废水过滤器的平均磷结合能力为 1.152 g kg(-1)，而磷酸盐溶液过滤器的磷结合能力为 1.382 g kg(-1)。因此，在实验室中应仔细控制进水源或水力负荷率。当使用磷酸盐溶液和废水时，确定过滤器去除磷的反应时间分别为 5 分钟和 15 分钟，这表明需要较短的停留时间。然而，在这项研究中，穿透现象出乎意料地迅速发生，这意味着需要更多的时间使已反应的磷在过滤器中物理保留。
