Eveborn David, Gustafsson Ion Petter, Hesterberg Dean, Hillier Stephen
Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Sep 1;43(17):6515-21. doi: 10.1021/es901084z.
X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is a useful technique for characterization of chemical species of phosphorus in complex environmental samples. To develop and evaluate bed filters as sustainable on-site wastewater treatment solutions, our objective in this study was to determine the chemical forms of accumulated phosphorus in a selection of promising filter materials: Filtralite P, Filtra P, Polonite, Absol, blast furnace slag, and wollastonite. Full-scale operational wastewater-treatment systems were sampled and in addition, filter samples collected from laboratory studies provided access to additional media and complementary samples. Phosphorus species were characterized using phosphorus K-edge XANES spectroscopy, complemented by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). No systematic differences could be seen in the results between laboratory- and full-scale samples. All six filter media contained significant amounts of crystalline calcium phosphates. Some samples also contained amorphous calcium phosphate (>60% of total P in Absol). In Filtralite P and blast furnace slag, more than 35% of the accumulated phosphorus was associated with Fe or Al. Both the power and shortcomings of XANES analysis for characterizing P species in these filter media are discussed.
X射线吸收近边结构（XANES）光谱法是表征复杂环境样品中磷化学形态的一种有用技术。为了开发和评估床式过滤器作为可持续的现场废水处理解决方案，我们在本研究中的目标是确定在一系列有前景的过滤材料中积累的磷的化学形态：Filtralite P、Filtra P、Polonite、Absol、高炉矿渣和硅灰石。对全尺寸运行的废水处理系统进行了采样，此外，从实验室研究中收集的过滤器样品提供了更多的介质和补充样品。使用磷K边XANES光谱法对磷形态进行了表征，并辅以X射线粉末衍射（XRPD）和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）。实验室样品和全尺寸样品的结果没有系统性差异。所有六种过滤介质都含有大量的结晶磷酸钙。一些样品还含有无定形磷酸钙（Absol中占总磷的60%以上）。在Filtralite P和高炉矿渣中，超过35%的积累磷与铁或铝有关。讨论了XANES分析在表征这些过滤介质中磷形态方面的优势和不足。
